FLORA OF CRETE: Supplement II, Additions 1997-2008
Nicholas Turland & Lance Chilton
© copyright Nicholas Turland & Lance Chilton, 2008.
Last updated: 16 August 2008 (previous update: 17 January 2007).
Distribution maps created using DMAP.
CONTENTS: Introduction
Fig. 1. Basic analysis of the flora
Fig. 2. Analysis of the endemic element within the
native flora
List of taxa: jump to Eudicots
Appendix (taxa apparently not recorded since 1930 or earlier)
References
The following data provide a second supplement to Flora of the Cretan area: annotated checklist & atlas (hereafter FCA; Turland, Chilton & Press, 1993), and include several new taxa and numerous new records published since Flora of Crete: a supplement (hereafter FCS; Chilton & Turland, 1997). The major taxonomic groups have been adjusted to reflect current understanding of phylogeny: the angiosperms comprise the 'basal angiosperms' (Ceratophyllaceae, Lauraceae and Aristolochiaceae in the Cretan area), then the monocots, then the eudicots. Families, genera, species, etc. remain in alphabetical order, but family circumscriptions now follow the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG; see website).
Page references to both FCA and FCS are given. Places of publication of plant names are provided only when such references are not given in FCA or FCS. Similarly, genera are cited with authority when not given in FCA or FCS. Synonyms are given only when the accepted name differs from that in FCA or FCS. Abbreviation of journals now follows BPH-2 (Bridson & al., 2004). Status, habitats, altitudinal range, and flowering times are given for additions to the flora, where known; altitudes are rounded off to the nearest 50 m unless the range is below 100 m. Comments on this supplement, as well as on FCA and FCS are welcome.
See also Flowers of Crete (Fielding & Turland, 2005).
Nicholas Turland, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
e-mail: n.turland@bgbm.org
or Flickr photopage
Updated contact information: 22 January 2013 (previous update: 16 August 2008)
Lance Chilton, Marengo Publications, 17 Bernard Crescent, Hunstanton PE36 6ER,
U.K.
e-mail: here
or web page
The following tables provide a update of the similar information given in FCA (p. xii). Note that doubtfully native species are included here with introduced species, rather than with native species as in FCA. Certain species of Ophrys and Orchis sensu lato, previously treated under 'species groups', are now counted individually. For example, the O. fusca group is counted not as one aggregate species but as eight segregate species: O. cinereophila, O. creberrima, O. cressa, O. creticola, O. leucadica, O. lindia, O. phaseliana and O. thriptiensis.
Fig. 1. Basic analysis of the flora <original FCA version>
Notes:
1 Containing at least one native species.
2 Doubtfully native species, naturalized or possibly naturalized
species, or species of uncertain status assumed to be introduced; species known
only as casuals are excluded.
Cr = Crete; Kp = Karpathos island group.
Fig. 2. Analysis of the endemic element within the native flora <original FCA version>
spp |
Cretan Area |
||||
Note:
Where endemic status is questionable, species are considered to be endemic until
their occurrence elsewhere can be confirmed.
* = endemic to the Cretan area
[] = not native
? = doubtfully present
PTERIDOPHYTES
ISOËTACEAE
Isoëtes durieui Bory in Compt.-Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 18: 1166
(1844).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Viannos: Amalos plain and Karpathos:
Lastos plain by Böhling & Raus (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 229).
Native; moist places in Sarcopoterium spinosum phrygana, seasonally flooded
ground; 700-1300 m.
GYMNOSPERMS
PINACEAE
Pinus halepensis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, Pinus no. 8
(1768).
subsp. brutia (Ten.) Holmboe in Bergens Mus. Skr., ser. 2, 1(2): 29
(1914).
= P. brutia Ten. (FCA: 34; FCS: 10).
Treated by Christensen (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 8) as P. halepensis
subsp. brutia.
ANGIOSPERMS
MONOCOTS
ALLIACEAE
*Allium brachyspathum Brullo & al. in Bocconea 13: 414 (2001).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Karpathos: "Akro[tiri] Skopi" (SE.
of Menetes) and "Oro[s] Lastos" by Brullo & al. (2001) and from
Crete, Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 347). Endemic
to E. Crete and Karpathos.
Endemic; calcareous rocky places on inland mountains, Sarcopoterium spinosum
garigue, offshore islands; fl. ?June-July.
Allium longanum Pamp. (FCA: 181).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al.
(1997: 347).
Allium neapolitanum Cirillo (FCA:
181; FCS: 106).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: W. of
Sternes by Fielding (in Fielding & Turland, 2005: 447).
Allium staticiforme Sm. (FCA: 181; FCS: 107).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island and Ep. Sitia:
Koufonisi island, by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 348).
AMARYLLIDACEAE
[Sternbergia fischeriana] Rupr. in Gartenflora 1868: 100 (1868).
?= S. vernalis (Mill.) Gorer & J. H. Harv. in Plantsman 10: 204
(1989).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Mirambello: W. of Elounda by Turland
(in Fielding & Turland, 2005: 456). This species otherwise occurs in W. and
C. Asia, in some of those localities presumably native, but in others probably
introduced.
Status uncertain; fl. January-February.
Sternbergia sicula Tineo ex Guss. (FCA: 158).
?= S. minoica Ravenna in Onira Bot. Leafl. 5: 39 (2001).
Ravenna (2001) described S. minoica based on plants cultivated in
Santiago, Chile, originally collected "from a single, large, rocky
elevation between Agia Gallini and Nea Krysia, Melampe district"
(presumably meaning Ep. Agios Vasilios: between Nea Kria Vrisi and Agia Galini,
near Melambes). The new taxon was described as having leaves dark green, with a
paler central stripe throughout their length, 4-8 mm wide, and tepals ca 3.8 ×
1.3-1.5 cm, the outer ones cuspidate at the apex, the inner ones obtuse. This
plant may be conspecific with S. sicula, although further study is
required. Ravenna in fact attempted an informal revision of Sternbergia,
in Greece at least, and dismissed or disregarded much of the very careful work
by Kamari and Artelari (1990), without presenting any evidence to support his
alternative views.
Lemna minor L. (FCA: 180; FCS: 105).
Recorded here as new to E. Crete, Ep. Mirambello: Nofalias, 500 m, 6 April
1999, Chilton obs.; Karidi, 475 m, 6 April 1999, Chilton obs.;
Kato Pines, 175 m, 1 April 1999, Chilton obs.; Kato Elounda, 10 m, 1
April 1999, Chilton obs.; Mavrikiano, 15 m, 3 April 1999, Chilton obs.
At these localities, the plant grows in deep, sunken, stone-lined water storage
tanks, but was not found in any natural habitats. These localities are distant
from the previous records at Georgioupoli (W. Crete), and probably represent
introductions on birds' feet, possibly from the Greek or Turkish mainland.
COLCHICACEAE
*Androcymbium rechingeri
Greuter (FCA: 182; FCS: 107, map p. 45).
Records of A. rechingeri from Karpathos (in FCS), based on fruiting
plants, are erroneous and refer to a form of Colchicum pusillum Sieber
with broad leaves appressed to the ground. In April 2003, Chilton collected
fruiting plants from one of the populations in Karpathos (E. of Pigadia); at
the same time Turland collected identical plants from E. Crete (Ep. Sitia: E.
of Agia Fotia). In November 2003, the plants from Karpathos flowered (in hort.
Chilton) and proved to be Colchicum pusillum, not Androcymbium.
The plants recorded in FCS as Androcymbium (with doubt) from near Vaï in
E. Crete had leaf rosettes only and almost certainly represent the same Colchicum.
We thank Dr Karin Persson (Botanical Garden, Göteborg, Sweden) for confirming
the identity of these plants as C. pusillum (pers. comm., December 2003
and 13 February 2004). See Turland & Chilton (2006).
CYPERACEAE
Carex illegitima Ces. (FCA: 160).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al.
(1997: 342).
Cyperus laevigatus L., Mant. Pl.
2: 179 (1771).
= Juncellus laevigatus (L.) C. B.
Clarke (FCA: 162; FCS: 93).
Goetghebeur (1998: 170) treated Juncellus
C. B. Clarke as a synonym of Cyperus L.
subsp. distachyos (All.) Maire &
Weiller in Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 4: 35 (1957).
= J. laevigatus subsp. distachyos (All.) P. H. Davis (FCA: 162;
FCS: 93).
W., C. & E. Crete; Karpathos.
Native; brackish coastal marshes; 0-30 m;
fl. April-May.
[subsp. laevigatus]
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Rethimni: Rethimno harbour by Ristow
(in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 65).
Status uncertain; moist sandy places on seashore; sea level.
Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 303 (1827).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Apokoronos: Kournas lake by Boteva
& Wolf (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 241).
Native; temporarily flooded area of wet sandy to clayey soil at lake shore;
20 m.
[Eleocharis caduca] (Delile) Schult., Mant. 2: 88 (1824).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kissamos: Koutsomatados and Ep.
Apokoronos: Kournas lake by Greuter & al. (2002b). First recorded by
Yannitsaros & Koumpli-Sovantzi (1992: 584-585, as "Eleocharis
sp."), this species is mainly distributed in tropical Africa with a few
outposts in the Mediterranean region.
Status uncertain; wet sandy and pebbly places at lake shore, ditch; 30-900 m.
Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br., Prodr.: 222 (1810).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: between Papadiana and Nea
Roumata by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 242).
Native; wet schistose ditch; 300 m.
Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla (FCA: 162).
subsp. lacustris
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: Lasithi plain, river between
Kato Metohi and Moni Vidiani, by Deschatres & Greuter (in Greuter &
Raus, 2001: 325-326).
Native; forming large tufts in river.
Schoenoplectus litoralis (Schrad.) Palla (FCA: 162).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra:
Gaïdouronisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 348).
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea L.
= Tamus L.
Caddick & al. (2002) treated Tamus
as a synonym of Dioscorea.
Dioscorea communis (L.)
Caddick & Wilkin in Taxon 51: 112 (2002).
= Tamus communis L. (FCA: 162; FCS:
94).
GRAMINEAE: see POACEAE
HYACINTHACEAE
Bellevalia dubia (Guss.) Rchb. (FCA: 182; FCS: 108).
subsp. boissieri (Freyn) Feinbrun in Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser.
1: 348 (1940).
The note in FCS should have referred to Kasos, not "Karpathos". Raus
(1996: 48) stated that the sole record from the Karpathos island group, from
Kasos (Major 800, G, revised by T.
Raus), was based on a misidentification of Muscari
weissii Freyn. The record from Ep. Kissamos: Korikos peninsula mapped in
FCA, based on a record by Strasser (1988: 6, 22, 24), if correctly identified
as B. dubia, should be referable to
subsp. boissieri. Borzatti de
Loewenstern & Garbari (2002, 2003) gave subsp. dubia as endemic to Sicily and subsp. boissieri as distributed in the E. Mediterranean region from S.
Italy (Calabria) eastward.
*Bellevalia sitiaca Kypr. & Tzanoud. in Bot. Helv. 109: 85
(1999).
= Bellevalia brevipedicellata sensu auct. cret.
orient., non Turrill (FCS: 108).
= Muscari macrocarpum sensu auct. cret., non Sweet (FCA: 184).
Described since FCS, comprising the tetraploid (2n = 16) plants from E.
Crete (Ep. Sitia) formerly referred to B. brevipedicellata Turrill
(Kypriotakis & Tzanoudakis, 1999). Endemic to E. Crete.
Charybdis Speta
Charybdis maritima (L.) Speta in Phyton (Horn) 38: 60 (1998), sensu
lato.
= Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn (FCA: 183; FCS: 108).
Treated by Speta (1998b: 60) as C. maritima. The plants from the Cretan
area may be the tetraploid (2n = 40) C. aphylla (Forssk.) Speta
(Krenn & al., 2001: 104) or an as yet undescribed species of Charybdis
so far known from S. Peloponnisos, Kithira, Crete and the Kiklades (Pfosser
& Speta, 2001: 229-235); both sets of authors give C. maritima sensu
stricto as a hexaploid taxon restricted to the W. Mediterranean region.
Muscari parviflorum Desf. (FCA: 184).
Recorded here as new to Karpathos: 500 m NW. of Mesohori, 15 m, base of wall on
cultivated terrace, 25 October 2000, Shipton obs., Chilton det. Only a
few plants were seen, and not in similar habitats elsewhere around the village.
Previously known in the Cretan area only from the Akrotiri peninsula in W.
Crete.
Ornithogalum arabicum L. (FCA: 184).
Given as naturalized in Crete in FCA, based on Rechinger (1943: 725) and
Barclay (1986: 125), but the single small population on Gavdos was considered
to be native by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 348).
Ornithogalum dictaeum Landström, Sp. Ornithogalum
Greece: 5 (1989).
*subsp. dictaeum
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi and Ep. Mirambello: Dikti
massif by Landström (1989: 5, 7, 36), who noted (loc. cit.: 36) that some
records of O. nivale Boiss. from Crete should probably be referred to O.
dictaeum subsp. dictaeum. Recorded also from Ep. Kidonia: between
Omalos plain and Kallergi refuge by Fielding (in Fielding & Turland, 2005:
498-500). The species is otherwise represented by subsp. naxense
Landström (loc. cit.: 7), which is endemic to the island of Naxos in the
Kiklades.
Endemic; calcareous cliffs & screes; 800-1300m; fl. April to June.
Ornithogalum sibthorpii Greuter (FCA: 185; FCS: 110).
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Mirambello: Katharo
plain by Fielding (in Fielding & Turland, 2005: 499-500).
Native; grassy places; 1100 m; fl. April.
Prospero Salisb.
Prospero autumnale (L.) Salisb., Gen. Pl.: 28 (1866), sensu lato.
= Scilla autumnalis L. (FCA: 185; FCS: 110).
Treated by Speta (1982: 4) as P. autumnale.
The following six species were described by Speta (2000), based on specimens made from plants cultivated in Linz, Austria, and originally collected in Crete. All six species are apparently diploids, with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 12 to 2n = 28. They are treated here under P. autumnale sensu lato until further study of Prospero throughout its distribution results in a more satisfactory taxonomic arrangement. Bergmeier & al. (2001: 351) noted that plants from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island and adjacent islets do not match any of the following six species and may represent another, undescribed taxon. Valdés (2004) transferred the six species to Scilla L.
Prospero battagliae Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1325 (2000).
= Scilla battagliae (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: Lasithi plain. Endemic to
Crete. 2n = 28.
Prospero depressum Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1325 (2000).
= Scilla depressa (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos. Endemic to Crete. 2n
= 14.
Prospero hierapytnense Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1325 (2000).
= Scilla hierapytnensis (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004) ["hierapytnense"].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: Kavousi. Endemic to Crete. 2n
= 26.
Prospero idaeum Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1324 (2000).
= Scilla idaea (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: Nida plain. Endemic to
Crete. 2n = 14.
Prospero minimum Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1324 (2000).
= Scilla minima (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Imbros. Endemic to Crete. 2n
= 12.
Prospero rhadamanthi Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1324 (2000).
= Scilla rhadamanthi (Speta) Valdés in Willdenowia 34: 64 (2004).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Rethimni: Petres gorge. Endemic to
Crete. 2n = 14.
*Prospero talosii (Tzanoud. & Kypr.) Speta in Phyton (Horn) 38: 116
(14 Aug 1998).
= Scilla talosii Tzanoud. & Kypr. in Folia Geobot. 33: 104 (10 May
1998).
Described since FCS, and related to P. autumnale as well as to P.
obtusifolium (Poir.) Salisb. (S. obtusifolia Poir.) from the W. Mediterranean
region. Endemic to C. Crete (Ep. Pedias: Dia island). A high polyploid with 2n
= ca 150. Transferred by Speta (1998b: 116) to Prospero.
Endemic; limestone cliffs; fl. October-November.
*Scilla cydonia Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30: 432 (1998).
= S. bifolia sensu auct. cret., non L. (FCA: 185; FCS: 110).
Described since FCS, comprising plants from both Crete and Karpathos formerly
referred to S. bifolia L. sensu lato (Speta, 1998a). Endemic to
W. Crete and Karpathos.
*Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult. f) Speta (FCA: 185; FCS: 110).
Speta (1998a) divided the species as follows:
subsp. albescens (Speta) Speta in Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30: 435 (1998).
Endemic to C. and E. Crete (Kedros, Psiloritis and Dikti). The plants from
Afendis Kavousi presumably belong here, although Speta (loc. cit.) did not
mention them.
subsp. nana
Endemic to W. Crete (Lefka Ori).
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Incl. NAJADACEAE
Najas marina L. (FCS: 110).
Given in FCS as recorded as new to the Cretan area (from Ep. Apokoronos:
Kournas lake) by Yannitsaros & Koumpli-Sovantzi (1992: 583), but previously
recorded from Crete, with no further details, by Triest & Uotila (in Davis
& al., 1988: 217, as N. marina subsp. armata (H. Lindb.)
Horn).
IRIDACEAE
Iris tuberosa L., Sp. Pl. 1:
40 (1753).
= Hermodactylus tuberosus (L.) Mill.
(FCA: 178).
Treated as I. tuberosa by Turland
& Mathew (in Fielding & Turland, 509-511. 2005).
Moraea Mill.
Gynandriris Parl. was treated as Moraea sect. Gynandriris
(Parl.) Goldblatt by Goldblatt (1998).
Moraea mediterranea Goldblatt in Novon 8: 376 (1998).
= Gynandriris monophylla Boiss. & Heldr. ex Klatt (FCA: 178; FCS:
104).
Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. in Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1:
201 (1805).
= Gynandriris sisyrinchium (L.) Parl. (FCA: 178).
LEMNACEAE: see ARACEAE
LILIACEAE
Fritillaria messanensis Raf.
(FCA: 183; FCS: 108).
*subsp. sphaciotica (Gand.) Kamari & Phitos in Willdenowia 36: 225
(2006).
The Cretan plants of F. messanensis
were treated as the endemic subsp. sphaciotica
by Kamari & Phitos (2006).
Lilium candidum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 302 (1753).
Recorded as native from E. Crete, Ep. Mirambello (unlocalized) by Afordakos
(1999). Given in FCA (p. 184) as "probably planted and more or less
established" in W. Crete (Akrotiri peninsula).
Native; fl. June.
NAJADACEAE: see HYDROCHARITACEAE
ORCHIDACEAE
Kretzschmar & al. (2002) provided a revision of the Orchidaceae in the Cretan area. They recorded numerous hybrids (pp. 354-392), mainly in Ophrys and Orchis, in addition to those cited in FCA, FCS and here.
Anacamptis Rich.
See note under Orchis
below.
Anacamptis boryi (Rchb.
f.) R. M. Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12: 120 (1997).
= Orchis boryi Rchb. f. (FCA: 192).
Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol.) R. M. Bateman & al. in
Lindleyana 12: 120 (1997).
= Orchis collina Banks
& Sol. (FCA: 192).
*Anacamptis collina (Banks & Sol.) R. M.
Bateman & al. × Orchis prisca Hautz.
= Orchis
×paschae Hautz. in Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 81: 69 (1978).
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: near Thripti, by
Hautzinger (1978). As yet known only from the type locality. If this taxon is
indeed a hybrid between Anacamptis
and Orchis, under Art. H.11.1 of the
ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006) the name O. ×paschae is incorrect, and a
new combination under a nothogeneric name would be required.
Anacamptis fragrans (Pollini) R. M. Bateman in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142:
12 (2003).
= Orchis coriophora subsp. fragrans
(Pollini) Sudre (FCA: 192).
= Orchis fragrans
Pollini (FCS: 116).
Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R. M. Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12:
120 (1997).
= Orchis laxiflora Lam.
(FCA: 192).
Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R. M. Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12:
120 (1997).
= Orchis papilionacea L.
(FCA: 192).
Delforge (1994: 241) regarded O. papilionacea as a polymorphic species,
with a mosaic of variants, overlapping ranges of variation, numerous exceptions
and frequent transitional populations. Three subspecies have so far been
reported from the Cretan area, although the relevant combinations have not yet
been validly published in Anacamptis:
*Orchis
papilionacea subsp. alibertis G. Kretzschmar & H.
Kretzschmar in Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 18: 130 (2001).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Amari: Agios Ioannis by Kretzschmar
& Kretzschmar (2001), who noted that subsp. heroica is common in
Crete and that subsp. alibertis flowers about a month later. Endemic to
Crete.
Endemic; fl. mid-April.
Orchis papilionacea subsp. grandiflora
(Boiss.) H. Baumann in Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 39: 94 (1986).
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Delforge (loc. cit., as O. papilionacea var. grandiflora
Boiss.) gave the distribution as mainly W. Mediterranean, from the Iberian
Peninsula and N. Africa to Italy and Sicily, and much less frequent in Greece,
Crete and Turkey, where it is sometimes confused with subsp. heroica.
Delforge later (2001: 282, again as varieties) regarded Cretan records of
subsp. grandiflora as probable errors for subsp. heroica. In view
of the doubtful nature of these records, it seems best to regard subsp. grandiflora
as absent from the Cretan area.
Orchis
papilionacea subsp. heroica
(E. D. Clarke) H. Baumann in Jahresber. Naturwiss. Vereins Wuppertal 39: 95
(1986).
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Delforge (1994: 242, as O. papilionacea var. heroica
(E. D. Clarke) P. Delforge) gave the distribution as including S. Peloponnisos,
Crete, the E. Aegean islands and the W. coast of Turkey. Kretzschmar & al.
(2002: 300) recorded the taxon from Karpathos.
Anacamptis picta (Loisel.) R. M. Bateman in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 12
(2003).
?= Orchis morio sensu auct. cret., non L. (FCA: 192;
FCS: 116).
Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 290) referred records from the Cretan area
(Karpathos) to O. morio subsp. picta
(Loisel.) K. Richter, which was treated as O. picta Loisel. by Delforge
(2001: 275). The occurrence of A. picta in the Cretan area is based
solely on the records from Karpathos by Hiller & Kalteisen (1988: 454, as O. morio). Confirmation would be
welcome.
Anacamptis robusta (T. Stephenson) R. M. Bateman in Bot. J. Linn. Soc.
142: 12 (2003).
= Orchis
palustris sensu auct. cret.,
non Jacq. (FCA: 192; FCS: 116).
= O. robusta (T. Stephenson) Gölz & H. R. Reinhard (FCS: 116, in
note).
Further recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Pedias: Malia by Kretzschmar & al.
(2002: 292-295, as O. palustris var. robusta T. Stephenson).
Anacamptis sancta (L.) R. M. Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12: 120
(1997).
= Orchis sancta L. (FCA:
193).
Recorded from Karpathos: Forokli and between Lefkos and Mesohori by Dinter
(2000, as O. sancta).
Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch (FCA: 187).
Recorded from C. Crete (Psiloritis) by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 82).
Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. (FCA: 187).
Recorded from C. and E. Crete by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 94).
Epipogium J. G. Gmel. ex Borkh.
?Epipogium aphyllum Sw., Summa Veg. Scand.: 32 (1814).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia:
mossy pine forest in the Samaria gorge, May 1996, by Kretzschmar & al.
(2002: 98), based on a personal communication from R. Lehner and not supported
by a specimen or photograph.
Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge in Naturalistes
Belges 80: 401 (1999).
= Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter (FCA: 187).
Treated as H. robertianum by Delforge (1999: 401; 2001: 334). Bateman
& al. (1997: 121) placed Barlia and Himantoglossum in the
same clade, but noted that the latter genus is strongly molecularly divergent
and unquestionably monophyletic. Later, Bateman & al. (2003) included Barlia
within Himantoglossum.
*Himantoglossum samariense C. Alibertis & A. Alibertis in
Orchidophile 87: 110 (1989).
= H. affine sensu auct. cret., non (Boiss.) Schltr. (FCA:
187-188, in note; FCS: 111).
= H. caprinum sensu auct. cret., non (M. Bieb.) Spreng. (FCA:
187).
Originally described as a hybrid between H. affine and H. caprinum,
treated as an uncertain taxon in FCA and as a synonym of H. affine in
FCS, following Delforge (1994: 288), but regarded as a separate species by
Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 100), who recorded it from the Lefka Ori,
Psiloritis and Dikti massifs and as the only species present in Crete. Endemic
to Crete.
Listera ovata (L.) R. Br. (FCA: 188).
Here further recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Sfakia: 2.5 km SSW. of Asigonia, by
road from Asigonia to Kallikratis, 850 m, small spring-fed bog above large
peaty basin on non-calcareous substratum, 25 May 1998, Landewe & Turland
obs. & photo.
Previous records from Crete are all from W. of the Lefka Ori. The bog was
observed to have completely dried out when revisited by the same observers on
21 March 2001. The water is now piped away from the spring. Recorded also from
the Dikti massif in E. Crete by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 108-110).
Neotinea Rchb. f.
See note under Orchis
below.
Neotinea commutata (Tod.) R. M.
Bateman in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 12 (2003).
= Orchis commutata Tod. (FCS: 116).
Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 387, as O. commutata) regarded Cretan
records of this species as erroneous, possibly representing hybrids between N.
lactea (Poir.) R. M. Bateman & al. and N. tridentata (Scop.) R.
M. Bateman & al.
Neotinea lactea (Poir.) R. M.
Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12: 122 (1997).
= Orchis lactea Poir. (FCA: 192).
Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R. M.
Bateman & al. in Lindleyana 12: 122 (1997).
= Orchis tridentata Scop. (FCA: 193;
FCS: 116).
Ophrys aegaea Kalteisen & H. R. Reinhard (FCA: 188; FCS: 111).
Occurrence in Kasos confirmed. Recorded from Agia Marina by Kretzschmar &
al. (2002: 116, 118).
Ophrys apifera Huds. (FCA: 188; FCS: 111).
Recorded from Karpathos by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 120).
Ophrys argolica H. Fleischm. (FCA: 188).
Absent from the Cretan area. No occurrence is given by Delforge (2001), Tan
& Iatrou (2001) or Kretzschmar & al. (2002).
Ophrys ariadnae Paulus (FCS: 112).
The statement in FCS about the name O. ariadnae not being validly
published is erroneous. Paulus (1994: 635) said of the holotype "leg. et
coll. H. F. Paulus", i.e. gathered by, and in the collection of, H. F.
Paulus. Treated by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 130) as a subspecies of O.
cretica (Vierh.) E. Nelson.
Ophrys ariadnae Paulus × O. ferrum-equinum Desf.
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: Arkasa by Kreutz (2002:
312-313).
Ophrys basilissa C. Alibertis & al. (FCA: 188; FCS: 114).
Treated Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 196) as a subspecies of O. omegaifera
H. Fleischm.
Ophrys bilunulata Risso (FCS: 112) [O. fusca group].
Regarded by Paulus (1998: 163-165) as a name of uncertain application. Taxa
from the Cretan area included by Delforge (1994: 305-306) under O.
bilunulata were referred by Paulus (loc. cit.) to O. creberrima
Paulus, O. cressa Paulus and O. thriptiensis Paulus (in Crete)
and to O. leucadica Renz (in Karpathos). See also note under O. leucadica below.
Ophrys bremifera Steven ex M. Bieb. (FCS: 111).
= O. oestrifera subsp. bremifera (Steven ex M. Bieb.) K. Richt.
(FCA: 190).
Records from the Cretan area (Karpathos) are regarded as small-flowered plants
of O. heldreichii Schltr. by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 142).
Ophrys calypsus M. Hirth & H. Spaeth in J. Eur. Orchid. 26: 430,
433 (1994).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Hamezi by Riechelmann (1999).
Related to O. heldreichii Schltr., and treated by Delforge (2001: 475)
as a variety of that species. Recorded also from the E. Aegean islands (the
type locality) and SW. Turkey (Riechelmann, loc. cit.).
Native; grassy clearings; 600 m; fl. April.
Ophrys candica (E. Nelson ex Soó) H. Baumann & Künkele (FCA: 188;
FCS: 111).
Recorded from Karpathos: Apella by Kreutz (2002: 127, 129).
Ophrys cinereophila Paulus & Gack in J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 170
(1998) [O. fusca group].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Mirambello: Nikithianou near Neapoli,
and Karpathos: Menetes, by Paulus (1998: 171, 194, 201). This taxon was
previously known under the working name of O. "cinereophila-fusca".
Recorded also from S. Greece, the Aegean region, SW. Turkey and Cyprus (Paulus,
loc. cit.).
Native; 300 m; fl. February-April.
*Ophrys creberrima Paulus in J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 168 (1998) [O.
fusca group].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Malevizi: Marathos and Ep. Mirambello:
Kalamafka by Paulus (1998: 169, 194). This taxon was previously known under the
working name of O. "creberrima-fusca". Endemic to Crete; or
present also in the Kiklades according to Delforge (2001: 372). Treated by
Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 174) as a subspecies of O. fusca Link.
Endemic; 400-500 m; fl. April-May.
*Ophrys cressa Paulus in J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 176 (1998) [O. fusca
group].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: Thripti by Paulus (1998: 176,
197, 201). This taxon was previously known under the working name of O. "Thripti-fusca(spät)".
Endemic to C. and E. Crete; perhaps also in Karpathos according to Delforge
(2001: 360). Treated by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 178) as a subspecies of O.
fusca Link.
Endemic; 800-900 m; fl. March-April.
Ophrys cretensis (H. Baumann & Künkele) Paulus (FCS: 113).
= O. sphegodes subsp. cretensis H. Baumann & Künkele (FCA:
190).
Recorded from Karpathos: near Mesohori by Kreutz (2002: 84-85).
Ophrys cretica (Vierh.) E. Nelson (FCS: 112).
subsp. beloniae G. Kretzschmar & H. Kretzschmar in Ber. Arbeitskreis
Heimische Orchid. 13: 10 (1996).
E. Aegean islands (Rodos).
*subsp. bicornuta H. Kretzschmar & R. L. Jahn in Ber.
Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 18: 44 (2002).
Subspecies described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: W. of Agios
Ioannis by Kretzschmar & Jahn (2002), who stated that it is the only
subspecies growing in the far east of Crete. Endemic to E. Crete.
Endemic; calcareous rocks, phrygana; 450-600 m; fl. April.
subsp. cretica
Regarded by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 136) as endemic to Crete, but given by
Delforge (2001: 489) as occurring also in Peloponissos (Lakonia) and the
Kiklades (and on the E. Aegean island of Rodos, but those plants refer to
subsp. beloniae).
Kretzschmar & al. (loc. cit.: 130) treated O. ariadnae as a fourth
subspecies of O. cretica and also described (pp. 140-141) plants from
Kasos not assigned to any of the subspecies.
Ophrys cretica (Vierh.) E. Nelson sensu stricto × O.
lutea Cav. sensu stricto (stated parentage).
= O. ×vamvakiae Kohlmüller in Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 12: 62
(1995).
Omitted from FCS. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Akrotiri Vamvakia by Kohlmüller
(1995: 62). From the description of the presumed second parent, it is likely
that that parent is in fact O. phryganae Devillers-Terschuren &
Devillers rather than O. lutea sensu stricto, which Kretzschmar
& al. (2002: 224-225) regarded as absent from the Cretan area with the
records referable to O. phryganae. As yet known only from the type
locality.
*Ophrys creticola Paulus in J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 177 (1998) [O.
fusca group].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Temenos: Arhanes by Paulus (1998: 178,
197). This taxon was previously known under the working name of O.
"Kreta-fusca(früh)". Endemic to Crete. Treated by Kretzschmar
& al. (2002: 182) as a subspecies of O. fusca Link.
Endemic; 450-500 m; fl. January-April.
Ophrys fuciflora (F. W. Schmidt) Moench (FCS: 112).
= O. holoserica sensu auct. cret., non (Burm. f.) Greuter (FCA: 189).
Absent from the Cretan area. No occurrence was given by Delforge (2001) or by
Kretzschmar & al. (2002).
Ophrys funerea Viv. sensu stricto (FCS: 112) [O. fusca
group].
Absent from the Cretan area; endemic to Corsica and Sardinia (Paulus, 1998:
166).
Ophrys fusca Link sensu stricto (FCA: 189; FCS: 112) [O.
fusca group].
Absent from the Cretan area (Paulus, 1998: 166).
*Ophrys grigoriana G. Kretzschmar & H. Kretzschmar in Ber.
Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 12: 56 (1995).
Omitted from FCS. Recorded from C. and E. Crete by Kretzschmar & Kretzschmar
(1996: 57) and from W. Crete by Alibertis (1998: 137). Endemic to Crete.
Treated by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 236) as a subspecies of O. spruneri
Nyman and by Delforge (2001: 508) as a synonym of O. sphaciotica H.
Fleischm. Kretzschmar & al. (loc. cit.: 240) treated the latter name as a
synonym of O. spruneri sensu stricto.
*Ophrys grigoriana G. Kretzschmar & H. Kretzschmar × O.
iricolor Desf.
= O. ×capellae-pacis G. Kretzschmar & H. Kretzschmar in Ber.
Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 20: 70 (2003).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: near Grigoria by
Kretzschmar & Kretzschmar (2003, as O. spruneri subsp. grigoriana
(G. Kretzschmar & H. Kretzschmar) H. Kretzschmar × O. iricolor).
*Ophrys helios Kreutz in J. Eur. Orchid. 33: 872 (2001).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Karpathos by Kreutz (2001). Related to O.
candica (E. Nelson ex Soó) H. Baumann & Künkele and O. episcopalis
Poir., and regarded by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 146) as a synonym of the
latter species. Endemic to Karpathos.
Endemic; open Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia woodland, woodland margins,
phrygana, rocky uncultivated land, abandoned vineyard terraces, roadside
ditches, on moist calcareous soils; 0-700 m; fl. April to May.
Ophrys leucadica Renz in Repert. Spec.
Nov. Regni Veg. 25: 265 (1928), pro hybr. [O. fusca group].
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos by Paulus (1998: 162), who
considered this to be the correct name of the taxon previously known under the
working name of O. "flavipes-fusca". Recorded also from Kasos
by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 184), who treated it as a subspecies of O.
fusca Link and cited O. bilunulata Risso as a synonym. If that
synonymy is correct, the name O. bilunulata (1844) would have priority
over O. leucadica (1928) at specific rank.
Ophrys lutea Cav. sensu stricto (FCA: 189; FCS: 113).
Absent from the E. and S. Aegean area according to Kretzschmar & al. (2002:
224-225), who referred the Cretan records to O. phryganae
Devillers-Terschuren & Devillers.
Ophrys lindia Paulus in Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 18: 64
(2001) [O. fusca group].
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: near Arkasa by Kreutz (2002:
181-183). Described from Rodos and recorded also from SW. Turkey (Kreutz, loc.
cit.).
"Ophrys melena (Renz) Paulus & Gack" in Israel J. Bot.
39: 79 (1990) [O. lutea group].
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from E. Crete (Dikti region) by Kretzschmar
& al. (2002: 226-227). This name is not validly published, having been
proposed as a new combination based on "Ophrys lutea (× fusca)
ssp. melena Renz ssp. n." (in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 25:
264. 1928). Under Art. 23.6(d) of the ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006) a formula
designating a hybrid is not to be regarded as a specific name, and under Art.
24.1 the name of an infraspecific taxon is a combination of the name of a
species and an infraspecific epithet.
Ophrys mesaritica Paulus & al. (FCS: 113).
Regarded by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 194) as endemic to Crete, but given by
Delforge (2001: 350) as occurring also in Malta and (doubtfully) on the E.
Aegean island of Lesvos.
Ophrys minoa (C. Alibertis & A. Alibertis) P. Delforge (FCS:
114).
= O. candica subsp. minoa C. Alibertis & A. Alibertis (FCA:
188, in note).
Regarded by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 144) as a synonym of O. candica
(E. Nelson ex Soó) H. Baumann & Künkele.
?Ophrys phaseliana D. Rückbrodt & U. Rückbrodt in J. Eur. Orchid.
28: 395 (1996) [O. fusca group].
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. Recorded from Ep.
Ierapetra: near Meseleri by Riechelmann (1999), but Kretzschmar & al.
(2002: 179) regarded this record as referable to O. cressa Paulus (as O.
fusca subsp. cressa (Paulus) H. Kretzschmar). The species was
described from Turkey.
Native; 400 m; fl. April.
Ophrys rhodia (H. Baumann & Künkele) P. Delforge (FCS: 114).
= O. umbilicata subsp. rhodia H. Baumann & Künkele (FCA:
190).
The occurrence of this species in the Cretan area is based solely on the
records from Karpathos by Hiller & Kalteisen (1988: 453). Confirmation
would be welcome.
Ophrys sitiaca Paulus & al. (FCA: 190; FCS: 114).
Recorded from Karpathos (numerous localities) by Kreutz (2002: 197, 199).
Ophrys speculum Link, nom. cons.
(FCS: 114).
= O. ciliata Biv. (FCA: 188).
Recorded from C. Crete, Ep. Agios Vasilios: near Spili by Skrede (1998: 620).
*Ophrys thriptiensis Paulus in J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 173 (1998) [O.
fusca group].
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: Thripti by Paulus (1998: 174,
197, 201). This taxon was previously known under the working name of O.
"Thripti-fusca(früh)". Endemic to E. Crete (Afendis Kavousi);
similar, later-flowering plants have been found on the E. Aegean island of
Rodos according to Delforge (2001: 373). Treated by Kretzschmar & al.
(2002: 188) as a subspecies of O. fusca Link.
Endemic; woodland; 600-900 m; fl. February-March.
Ophrys umbilicata Desf. in Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist.
Nat. 10: 227 (1807).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: near Menetes by Kreutz (2002:
231, 233).
Orchis L.
Recent work by Bateman & al. (1997, 2003), based on internal transcribed
spacer (ITS nuclear rDNA) data, resulted in the transfer of many taxa in the
triphyletic Orchis sensu lato to other genera to leave Orchis
sensu stricto as a monophyletic group. Orchis boryi Rchb. f., O.
collina Banks & Sol., O. fragrans Pollini, O. laxiflora
Lam., O. morio L., O. palustris Jacq., O. papilionacea L.,
O. picta Loisel., O. robusta (T. Stephenson) Gölz & H. R.
Reinhard and O. sancta L. were transferred to Anacamptis Rich.; O. commutata Tod., O.
lactea Poir. and O. tridentata Scop. were transferred to Neotinea
Rchb. f.; and Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton was treated under Orchis
sensu stricto (as O. anthropophora (L.) All.) together with O.
anatolica Boiss., O. italica Poir., O. pauciflora Ten., O.
prisca Hautz., O. provincialis Balb. ex DC., O. quadripunctata
Cirillo ex Ten., O. simia Lam. and O. sitiaca (Renz) P. Delforge.
Orchis anthropophora (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 148 (1785).
= Aceras
anthropophorum (L.) W. T. Aiton (FCA: 186).
Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. × O.
italica Poir.
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: Apella by Kretzschmar &
al. (2002: 356) and Kreutz (2002: 313-314).
Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. × O.
simia Lam.
= O. ×bergonii Nanteuil in Bull. Soc.
Bot. France 34: 422 (1887).
= ×Orchi-aceras bergonii (Nanteuil)
Camus (FCA: 194; FCS: 117).
Orchis provincialis Balb. ex DC. (FCA: 192).
Recorded from C. Crete, without precise locality (UTM square KV 70, "about
half way en route from Retymnon to Festos") by Skrede (1998: 621).
Recorded also from E. Crete by Kretzschmar & al. (2002: 312).
*Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P. Delforge in Naturalistes Belges 71(3): 107
(1990).
Place of publication accidentally omitted in FCS (p. 116).
Serapias cordigera L. (FCA: 193).
*subsp. cretica B. Baumann & H. Baumann in J. Eur. Orchid.
31: 509 (1999).
Subspecies described since FCS. Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete by Baumann
& Baumann (1999: 516), who referred the records for S. cordigera
mapped in FCA (map 1723) to subsp. cretica. Kretzschmar & al. (2002:
334) gave only subsp. cretica for Crete, as an endemic.
*Serapias cordigera subsp. cretica B. Baumann & H. Baumann
× S. lingua L.
= S. ×ambigua nothosubsp. panormosana B. Baumann & H. Baumann
in J. Eur. Orchid. 31: 517 (1999).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: Panormos by Baumann &
Baumann (1999: 517). As yet known only from the type locality.
Endemic; sandstone phrygana; 90 m.
POACEAE
(GRAMINEAE)
Böhling & Scholz (2003) published an excellent and copiously annotated
checklist of the Poaceae of the S. Aegean islands (Kithira, Andikithira, the
Cretan area and Rodos), including many new records and confirmations and with a
narrow generic concept adopted throughout. A more recent synopsis of the
Poaceae for the entire Euro+Med area was provided by Valdés & Scholz
(2006), who commented (p. 658) "At generic level, a narrower concept than
in Flora Europaea has been adopted where we consider it more appropriate to
separate what are in our view more uniform, natural groups." The taxonomy
adopted in these two works is mostly followed below except for the splitting of
certain genera:
Brachypodium P. Beauv. divided into Brachypodium and Trachynia Link
Bromus L. divided into Anisantha K. Koch, Bromopsis
Fourr., Bromus and Ceratochloa P. Beauv.
Festuca L. divided into Festuca and Schedonorus P. Beauv.
Phleum L. divided into Maillea Parl. and Phleum
Poa L. divided into Ochlopoa
(Asch. & Graebn.) H. Scholz and Poa
Saccharum L. divided into Saccharum and Tripidium H. Scholz (= Ridipium
Trin., non Bernh.)
Achnatherum P. Beauv.
Separated from Stipa L. by Böhling
& Scholz (2003).
Achnatherum bromoides (L.) P.
Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 20, [146], 147 (1812).
= Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfl. (FCA:
175; FCS: 103).
Achnatherum fallacinum H.
Scholz & Raus in Willdenowia 36: 374 (2006).
Described since FCS. Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete, Kasos, Karpathos and
Saria by Scholz & Raus (2006) and, outside the Cretan area, from
Peloponnisos, Evvia, the Kiklades and Rodos. Related to A. bromoides (L.) P. Beauv., and many records of that species from
the Cretan area may in fact refer to A.
fallacinum.
Native; open dry habitats; 50-1700 m; fl.
May-August.
Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (FCS: 94).
= Triticum lorentii (Hochst.) Zeven (FCA: 176).
Subspecies not formally treated in either FCA or FCS.
subsp. archipelagica (Eig) Raus in Bot. Chron. 12: 45 (1996).
New to Crete. Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete by Böhling & Scholz (2003:
12-13). Also in Kasos and Karpathos (see note in FCS).
Native; Quercus maquis, steep stony
slopes with Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia woodland on scree, coastal plain
with phrygana and small stands of Ceratonia on recently burnt area; 50-1100 m.
subsp. biuncialis
W., C. and E. Crete; Kasos, Karpathos.
Aegilops caudata L. (FCS: 94).
= Triticum markgrafii Greuter (FCA: 176).
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 13) recorded subsp. polyathera (Boiss.)
Zhuk. from Crete, based on pre-1930 records, but noted that it is "Not
treated as distinct taxon in most recent works".
Aegilops comosa Sm. (FCS: 94).
= Triticum comosum (Sm.) K. Richt. (FCA: 176).
The two varieties mentioned in a note in FCS were treated as subspecies by
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 14).
subsp. comosa
W., C. and E. Crete.
subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Eig in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.
55: 109 (1929).
= A. comosa var. subventricosa Boiss. (FCS: 94, in note).
= T. comosum subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Greuter (FCA: 176).
W. and C. Crete.
Aegilops neglecta Req. ex Bertol. (FCS: 94).
= Triticum neglectum (Req. ex Bertol.) Greuter (FCA: 176).
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 14-15) recorded subsp. contracta (Eig)
H. Scholz from Crete and Karpathos, but noted that it is "scarcely worth
of subspecific recognition".
Aegilops peregrina (Hack.)
Maire & Weiller (FCS: 95).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Pedias: Kato Gouves
by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 15).
Native; roadsides.
[Aegilops tauschii] Coss., Notes Pl. Crit.: 69 (1850).
Recorded as casual from Ep. Kissamos by Slageren (1994: 340), based on a 19th Century
collection from "Kissamos" Heldreich s.n. (K).
Aegilops triuncialis L. (FCS: 95).
= Triticum triunciale (L.) Raspail (FCA: 176).
Occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: Sisarha by
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 15).
Native; ruderal phrygana; 600 m.
Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites (FCA: 163).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al.
(1997: 342).
Agrostis castellana Boiss. & Reut., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp.: 26
(1842).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos plain and Ep.
Viannos: Omalos plain by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 16).
Native; Scirpoides holoschoenus swamp,
dried ground of spring ponds; 1050-1300 m.
Agrostis parlatorei Breistr. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110(Sess.
Extr.): 56 (1966).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Agios Vasilios: Spili by Böhling
& Scholz (2003: 17).
Native; wet footpath margin near old
water mill; 400 m.
Aira cupaniana (FCA: 163; FCS:
95).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Apokoronos: above
Dramia and Ep. Pedias: Potamies and S. of Malia by Böhling & Scholz (2003:
17).
Native; cultivated and fallow land, along
rivers.
Aira elegantissima Schur (FCA: 163; FCS: 95).
subsp. ambigua (Arcang.) Doğan in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40:
509 (1983).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Viannos: Sikologos and Ep. Lasithi:
Limnakaros by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 18).
Native; young Juglans regia plantation on
schistose soil, grassy slopes; 500-1150 m.
Ampelodesmos mauritanica (Poir.) T. Durand & Schinz (FCS:
95).
Recorded (Jahn & Schönfelder 1995: 402) in error for Saccharum ravennae
(L.) L. (Jahn in Greuter & Raus, 1998: 170).
Anthoxanthum pauciflorum
Adamović in Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 74: 116
(1904).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos plain and Ep. Agios
Vasilios: Ardaktos by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 23-24).
Native; wet places of rivulets,
wind-exposed open vegetation on ophiolitic rock; 700-1050 m.
Arundo collina Ten., Fl.
Napol. 3: 101 (1824-1829).
= A. collina subsp. hellenica (Danin & al.) H. Scholz in
Willdenowia 36: 663 (2006).
= A. hellenica Danin & al. in Willdenowia 32: 191 (2002).
Danin (2004) treated A. collina, from
Italy, as conspecific with A. hellenica,
from Crete and Greece. The latter, described since FCS, was recorded by Danin
& al. (2002) from Ep. Kissamos: Sirili, Ep. Apokoronos: above Dramia, Ep.
Milopotamos: Perama, Ep. Temenos: Agia Irini, Ep. Ierapetra: Males and,
elsewhere in Greece, Sterea Ellas, Evvia and Peloponnisos. A. collina (culms 0.5-2(-3) m tall, to 0.7 cm in diam.) is less
robust than A. mediterranea
(culms 1-5 m tall, 1.2-2 cm in diam.), and both are less robust than A. donax (culms to 6(-10) m
tall, 3-5 cm in diam.), from which they also differ in having leaves ascending,
to 3 cm wide (vs nodding, to 6 cm wide in A.
donax). Scholz (in Valdés & Scholz, 2006: 663) published the
combination A. collina subsp. hellenica but without any supporting
discussion.
Native; roadsides, calcareous rubble in stream beds; 50-450 m; fl.
August-December.
Arundo mediterranea Danin in
Willdenowia 34: 362 (2004).
= Arundo plinii sensu auct.
cret., non Turra (FCA: 164, as A.
"pliniana"; FCS: 96).
Cretan plants of A. plinii were
treated as A. mediteranea by Danin
(2004), who recorded the latter species also from Algeria, Cyprus, Greece,
Israel (the type), Lebanon and Morocco. Danin (in Greuter & Raus, 2006: 715)
also recorded the species from the E. Aegean Islands (Rodos).
Avena barbata subsp. wiestii (Steud.) Holmboe (FCS: 96).
New to Crete. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Aradena and Ep. Ierapetra: near Agia
Fotia by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 27).
Native; somewhat ruderal nitrophytic
grazed land on limestone terra fusca; 600 m.
Avena sterilis (FCA: 164; FCS:
96).
subsp. trichophylla (K. Koch) Malzev, Trudy Prikl. Bot. 20: 143 (1929).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Apokoronos: SW. of Ramni, Ep.
Rethimni: near Prines and Kasos: Helatros by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 28).
Native; rivulet valley and rocky maquis
slopes in burnt Cupressus forests and abandoned terraces, olive groves, ruderal
vegetation at river mouth on stony loam; 0-450 m.
[Bouteloua dactyloides] (Nutt.) Columbus in Aliso 18: 63 (1999).
Recorded as a lawn grass (presumably cultivated) from Ep. Temenos: Iraklio by
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 29-30). Native to North America.
Brachypodium rupestre (Host) Roem. & Schult. (FCA: 165).
Schippmann (1991: 145) doubted the occurrence of this species in the Aegean
islands and referred one record (Greuter & al., 1985: 29, Ep. Temenos: Kato
Arhanes, Risse 908, B), mapped in FCA (map 1430), to B. sylvaticum
(Huds.) P. Beauv. He noted that forms of B. retusum (Pers.) P. Beauv.
with broad leaves and atypical stature can be mistaken for B. rupestre
in the Aegean islands. Böhling & Scholz (2003: 30-31) accepted the record
from Karpathos by Greuter & al. (1983: 72, as B. pinnatum subsp. rupestre
(Host) Schübl. & G. Martens), but they did not mention the two records from
C. Crete by Rechinger (1944: 172, as B. pinnatum var. caespitosum
(Host) W. D. J. Koch).
Bromus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 77 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Apokoronos: near Neos Kournas by
Scholz & Böhling (2000: 257) and Böhling & Scholz (2003: 33).
Native; seasonally wet clayey fallow land; 5-10 m.
Bromus chrysopogon Viv. (FCS: 97).
New to Crete. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: Mt Skinakas by Böhling &
Scholz (2003: 33).
Native; open dwarf shrub vegetation in
doline; 1500 m.
Catapodium balearicum (Willk.) H. Scholz in Bot. Chron. 13: 96
(2000).
Separated from C. marinum (L.) C. E. Hubb. Recorded from W. and C.
Crete, Kasos (including Armathia island) and Karpathos by Scholz (2000: 102)
and from E. Crete by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 36). Some records of C.
marinum in FCA (p. 166, map 1453) and FCS (p. 98, map p. 40) may be
referable to C. balearicum.
Native; moist coastal grasslands, sandy and rocky coasts, cultivated and
fallow fields, abandoned terraces, walls, archaeological excavations, behind
the electric meter on the external wall of a house; 0-100 m.
*Catapodium borgesii H. Scholz in Bot. Chron. 13: 102 (2000).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: Lagou (Scholz, 2000: 102).
Endemic to E. Crete.
Endemic; 1000 m.
Catapodium hemipoa (Delile
ex Spreng.) Laínz in Anales Inst. Forest. Invest. 10: 330 (1966).
subsp. occidentale (Paunero) H. Scholz & S. Scholz in Bot.
Macaronés. 25: 170 (2004).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: Kommos by Scholz in
Greuter & Raus (2005: 62). This subspecies is fairly widespread in the
Mediterranean region, from the Canary Islands and Spain to Israel. It is
similar to C. rigidum
(L.) C. E. Hubb. but differs in having longer glumes (2-2.5 mm vs 1.5-1.8 mm),
longer anthers (0.7-0.8 mm vs 0.4-0.5 mm) and more or less imbricate (vs
strongly inrolled) fruiting lemmas.
[Dichanthium annulatum] (Forssk.) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9:
178 (1917).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Pedias: Agios Ioannis
by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 42-43). Native to tropical Africa and E. to
Indonesia.
Status uncertain; gardens.
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (FCA: 168).
subsp. spiralis (Vasinger) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR: 662 (1976).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Apokoronos: Neos Kournas, Ep. Agios
Vasilios: N. of Moni Preveli, Ep. Rethimni: Stavromenos and Ep. Lasithi:
Metohiono on Lasithi plain by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 44).
Native; river beds, ruderal on sandy
loam, cultivated fields; 0-800 m.
Elymus panormitanus (Parl.)
Tzvelev (FCA: 169).
= Roegneria panormitana (Parl.)
Nevski (FCS: 103).
Treated by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 45) as E. panormitanus.
Festuca polita (Halácsy) Tzvelev
(FCA: 170).
*subsp. cretica (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi & H. Scholz in Willdenowia 35:
242 (2005).
= F. polita var. cretica Markgr.-Dann. (FCA: 170, in note).
Raised to subspecific rank by Foggi & al. (2005). Endemic to W. Crete
(Lefka Ori).
subsp. polita
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: Mt Afendis Kavousi by
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 47-48, as F.
polita var. polita).
Native; phrygana on dolomite; 1300 m.
Festuca pratensis Huds., Fl. Angl.: 37 (1762).
subsp. pluriflora (Schult.) Zangh., Fl. Ital. 1: 959 (1978).
New to the Cretan area (as Schedonorus pratensis subsp. pluriflorus (Schult.) H. Scholz). Recorded from
Ep. Kidonia: Agia Irini, Ep. Rethimni: W. of Genni, S. of Prasies and N. of
Apostoli by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 75).
Native; Platanus woods, Quercus pubescens
pastures, periodically moist places on phyllite-quartzite; 100-350 m.
Festuca ustulata (Hack. ex St.-Yves) Markgr.-Dann. in Veröff. Geobot.
Inst. Rübel Zürich 56: 112 (1976).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Amari: SW. slope of Mt
Psiloritis by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 48). Otherwise known from the
mountains of SW. Asia.
Native; limestone rocks and gravel;
1400-2300 m.
Lagurus ovatus L. (FCA: 171; FCS: 101).
Subsp. nanus (Guss.) Messeri was recorded from the main island of Crete
(unlocalized), Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island and Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi
island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 349-350). As in FCA and FCS, the species
is not divided here.
Lolium subulatum Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 1: 90 (1842).
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Recorded from W. and E. Crete by Rechinger (1944:
175), from Kasos and Karpathos by Raus (1996: 47) and from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos
island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 344-345). Böhling & Scholz (2003: 55)
noted that Rechinger's records are probably errors for L. rigidum subsp.
lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio.
Native; cultivated fields.
Melica minuta L., Syst. Nat., ed.
12, 2: 92; Mant. Pl.: 32 (1767).
= M. ramosa Vill. (FCA: 172).
Treated as M. minuta by Böhling &
Scholz (2003: 57) and, previously, by Meikle (1985: 1750).
[Panicum repentellum] Napper in Kirkia 3: 127 (1963).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Malevizi: Fodele by
Böhling & Scholz (2003: 61). Native to tropical E. Africa.
Possibly naturalized; ruderal on irrigated
land; 20 m.
[Pennisetum] Pers.
[Pennisetum clandestinum] Hochst.
ex Chiov. in Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 41 (1903).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: Petrokefali by Böhling
& Scholz (in Greuter & Raus, 2005: 63). Native to E. Africa. Cultivated
in Crete as a lawn grass and escaping at this locality.
Naturalized; roadsides; 55 m.
Phalaris brachystachys Link (FCA: 173; FCS: 101).
Occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Kissamos: Polirinia, by Burton
(1996: 70).
Phragmites frutescens H. Scholz in Taxon 45: 522 (1996).
Differentiated by Scholz (in Greuter & Scholz, 1996) from P. australis
(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., although Greuter (loc. cit.) was not convinced of its
specific distinctness, hence its inclusion in the synonymy of P. australis
in FCS (p. 102). Scholz & Böhling (2000; and electronic
supplement) demonstrated the differences between P. australis
and P. frutescens and recorded the latter from W. and C. Crete, Greece,
the Aegean region, Israel and Syria. Both species occur in Crete. Scholz &
Böhling (loc. cit.) considered P. frutescens to have evolved in
isolation from the tropical P. mauritianus Kunth after post-glacial
desertification of N. Africa.
Native; marshes, river and stream banks and mouths, river alluvium, coastal
sandy loams, moist sand dunes, fallow fields, margins of cultivated land,
ditches, roadsides; 0-250 m; fl. winter.
[Pleuraphis jamesii] Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 1: 148
(1824).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Temenos: Agios Ioannis
by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 67). Native to North America.
Status uncertain; gardens.
Poa infirma Kunth × P. maroccana Nannf.
= P. ×perinconspicua H. Scholz in Willdenowia 28: 172 (1998).
= P. ×inconspicua H. Scholz (FCS: 102).
The name P. ×inconspicua H. Scholz (1996) is illegitimate under Art.
53.1 and H.3.3 of the ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006) because it is a later
homonym of P. inconspicua Veldkamp (1979). Poa annua L., P.
infirma, P. maroccana and P. ×perinconspicua were all
transferred to Ochlopoa (Asch. & Graebn.) H. Scholz by Böhling &
Scholz (2003: 58-59).
Rostraria obtusiflora (Boiss.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9:
271 (1974).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdopoula
island, Ep. Pedias: Stalida, Ep. Ierapetra: NE. of Vaïnia, Ep. Sitia: "SW
peninsula", Kasos: Armathia island, and Karpathos: Vroukounda by Böhling
& Scholz (2003: 73). This Irano-Turanian species reaches its western limit
in the Cretan area.
Native; open scrub with Periploca
angustifolia, rocky and sandy coasts, limestone crevices with Crithmum
maritimum and Salsola carpatha; 0-70 m.
[Triticum aestivum] L., Sp. Pl. 1: 85 (1753).
New to the Cretan area (as naturalized). Recorded from Ep. Kissamos: near
Falasarna and Ep. Pedias: Malia by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 80).
Naturalized; a weed in fields of Hordeum
vulgare and Triticum durum.
Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124 (1821).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos plain, Ep. Lasithi:
Agios Haralambos and Ep. Ierapetra: Mt Afendis Kavousi by Böhling & Scholz
(2003: 81).
Native; grassy Scirpoides holoschoenus
stands, grassland with Hypochaeris radicata and Oenanthe pimpinelloides,
heavily grazed community of Hordeum geniculatum and Lolium perenne in doline;
850-1300 m.
Vulpia ligustica (All.) Link (FCA: 177).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep.
Apokoronos: E. of Georgioupoli by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 82).
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Incl. ZANNICHELLIACEAE
Potamogeton schweinfurthii A. Benn. in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 8: 220
(1901).
?= P. gramineus sensu auct. cret., non L. (FCS: 117).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded by Kaplan (2005: 424) from Ep. Sitia: Kato
Zakros and, outside Crete, from the Azores, Corsica, Greece (Kefalonia), Malta,
and Sardinia, as well as Africa and Madagascar. The only Cretan records of P. gramineus L. (Yannitsaros &
Koumpli-Sovantzi, 1992: 582, as P. "cf.
gramineus"), also from Kato
Zakros but based on different specimens (3 August 1972, Yannitsaros 4181; 20 August 1985, Roussomoustakaki s.n.), should be verified in case they refer to P. schweinfurthii. Yannitsaros &
Koumpli-Sovantzi (loc. cit.) noted "Our specimens of this taxon are
sterile and show some differences, with respect to published descriptions, in
the length and width of the leaves."
Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl. (FCA: 195; FCS: 117).
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: Agia lake
by Uotila & Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 327-328). The species was
given for the Cretan area in FCA, based on a field observation by Gradstein
& Smittenberg (Greuter, 1973: 65), but that record was referred to P.
pusillus L. in FCS, following Yannitsaros & Koumpli-Sovantzi (1992:
582-583). In fact, both species occur side-by-side at Agia lake.
Zannichellia pedunculata Rchb. in Mössler, Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2,
3: 1591 (1830).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier
& al. (1997: 350), who referred a pre-1930 record of Z. palustris L.
from Gavdos (by Dörfler; see FCA: map 1738 and Rechinger, 1943: 708) to Z.
pedunculata. It is possible that some or all of the other Cretan records of
Z. palustris in fact belong to Z. pedunculata.
Native; small karstic rock pools seasonally filled with rain water 40-55 cm
deep.
RUPPIACEAE
Ruppia maritima L. (FCA: 195).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos
island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 350).
ZANNICHELLIACEAE: see POTAMOGETONACEAE
AIZOACEAE
Malephora N. E. Br.
[Malephora purpurocrocea] (Haw.) Schwantes in Gartenflora 77: 69
(1928).
= M. crocea var. purpurocrocea (Haw.) Jacobsen & Schwantes
(FCS: 11).
Treated by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 150) as M. purpurocrocea. The
spelling of the specific epithet follows the original publication of Mesembryanthemum
purpuro-croceum Haw., Observ. Mesembryanthemum: 257 (1795); the hyphen has
been omitted in accordance with Art. 60.9 of the ICBN (McNeill & al.,
2006).
AMARANTHACEAE
Incl. CHENOPODIACEAE
Amaranthus blitum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 990 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from W. Crete (Ep. Kidonia) by Raus (in Strid
& Tan, 1997: 144, map 268).
[Amaranthus bouchonii] Thell. in Monde Pl. 27(160): 4 (1926).
New to the Cretan area and to Greece. Recorded from the Mesara (Geropotamos)
plain by Raus (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 142), the only known collection from
Greece.
Status and native origin uncertain; irrigated crop fields; near sea level;
fl. May-October.
[Amaranthus cruentus] L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1269 (1759).
= A. paniculatus L. (FCA: 36).
The name A. cruentus (1759) has priority over A. paniculatus
(1763), not the inverse as wrongly implied in FCA.
[Amaranthus hybridus] L., Sp. Pl. 2: 990 (1753).
New to the Cretan area (as distinct from A. hypochondriacus L.).
Recorded from Crete by Raus (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 141, map 259). Native to
the New World, from temperate North America to northernmost South America.
Naturalized.
[Amaranthus powellii] S. Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 347
(1875).
Separated from A. hypochondriacus L. by Raus (in Strid & Tan, 1997:
142), although not so in FCS (p. 11). Recorded from Karpathos by Raus (1996:
24).
[Amaranthus quitensis] Kunth in Humboldt & al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2,
ed. f°: 156; ed. 4°: 194 (1818).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from E. Crete by Raus (in Strid & Tan,
1997: 140, map 257). Native to tropical and temperate South America.
Naturalized.
[Atriplex hortensis] L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1053 (1753).
Recorded from NW. Crete by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 122), who gave the
status in Greece as naturalized. Given as a casual in FCA (p. 53). Native to C.
Asia.
Atriplex mollis Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 391 (1799).
New to the Cretan area and to Greece. A mainly N. African taxon recorded from
Ep. Selinos: Gavdopoula island by Bergmeier & al. (in Greuter & Raus,
1999: 52).
Native; calcareous coastal neogene sediments and hard limestone rocks; 0-60
m.
Atriplex patula L. (FCA: 54).
Some Cretan plants referred to this taxon resemble A. davisii Aellen
(from Asia Minor) in bracteole shape (Tan in Strid & Tan, 1997: 125).
[Atriplex sagittata] Borkh. in Rhein. Mag. Erweit. Naturk. 1: 477
(1793).
Recorded as casual from Karpathos by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 123).
[Bassia hyssopifolia] (Pall.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 547 (1891).
Recorded as (probably) casual from Ep. Ierapetra: Koutsounari by Deschatres
& Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 320).
Beta vulgaris subsp. adanensis (Pamuk.) Ford-Lloyd & J. T.
Williams in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 100 (1976).
= B. adanensis Pamuk. (FCA: 54).
Treated by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 112) as B. vulgaris subsp. adanensis.
?Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. subsp. mucronata
(FCA: 55; FCS: 24).
Occurrence in Crete requiring confirmation. See notes under Convolvulus libanoticus below. The occurrence of this
taxon in the Karpathos island group (Kasos) is not in doubt.
Suaeda palaestina Eig & Zoh. in Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser.
3: 126 (1945).
New to the Cretan area and to the Aegean region. Recorded from Ep. Sitia:
Koufonisi island by Tan & al. (in Greuter & Raus, 1998: 165), who noted
that a record of "S. fruticosa" from the same locality by
Cousturier (Cousturier & Gandoger, 1916: 7) may be referable to this mainly
N. African species.
Native; Lygeum steppes; 50 m.
Bupleurum euboeum Beauverd & Topali in Candollea 7: 260 (1937).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Malevizi/Temenos: 5 km W. of Iraklio
by Snogerup & Snogerup (2001: 271), who also cited a specimen collected at
"Platania" (possibly Ep. Kidonia: Platanias) by Reverchon in 1883.
The latter record requires confirmation.
*Bupleurum gaudianum Snogerup (FCA: 148; FCS: 95).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island by Brullo &
Guarino (2000: 267, 274). However, Bergmeier & al. (2001: 346-347) regarded
this record as a probable misidentification of B. semicompositum L., to
which they referred the figure of "B. gaudianum" in Brullo
& Guarino (loc. cit.: 268). The species is otherwise known only from W.
Crete (Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island).
?Bupleurum odontites L., Sp. Pl. 1: 237 (1753).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. Recorded from Ep.
Kidonia: Souda by Snogerup & Snogerup (2001: 227), based on a specimen
collected by Sieber in 1817.
Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng., Sp. Umbell. 19 (1818).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Kasos by Snogerup & Snogerup (2001:
224), who also cited a specimen collected in Karpathos by Pichler in 1883.
Daucus carota subsp. major (Vis.) Arcang. (FCA: 149).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Sitia:
Sitia beach by Fielding (in Fielding & Turland, 2005: 422).
Native; fl. April-May.
Eryngium glomeratum Lam. (FCA: 150).
Occurrence in Crete confirmed here by Arno Wörz: Ep. Sitia: am Weg von Liopetra
zum Meer, unterhalb des Sattels, zahlreich [on the track from Liopetra to the
sea, below the saddle, numerous] (35°12'41"N, 26°01'03"E), 150 m, 12
July 2003, A. Wörz 23.07.12.03 (STU). This is the same population
mentioned in FCS (p. 56, in a note under E. creticum Lam.: April 1991, Turland
obs.) as possibly representing to E. glomeratum. We gratefully
acknowledge Dr Arno Wörz (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart,
Germany) for communicating this record.
Ormosolenia Tausch
Ormosolenia alpina (Sieber ex Schult.) Pimenov in Edinburgh J. Bot.
49: 222 (1992).
= Peucedanum alpinum (Sieber ex Schult.) B. L. Burtt & P. H. Davis
(FCA: 152).
Treated by Pimenov (1992) as O. alpina. Recorded from E. Crete, Ep.
Viannos/Ierapetra: Dikti massif by Vassiliades (2004: 15).
APOCYNACEAE
Incl. ASCLEPIADACEAE
[Asclepias physocarpa] (E. Mey.) Schltr. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
21(Beibl. 54): 8 (1896).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: Nea Roumata and Deres, and
Karpathos: Olimbos, by Böhling & Raus (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 230).
Similar in general appearance to A. fruticosa L., but differing in its
globose (vs ovoid, pointed) follicles. Native to S. Africa.
Naturalized; roadsides, ditches, drainage channels; 200-350 m.
[Catharanthus] G. Don
[Catharanthus roseus] (L.) G.
Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 95 (1837).
Recorded as casual from Ep. Kidonia: Hania and Moni Gouvernetou by Yannitsaros
in Greuter & Raus (2006: 708). Native to Madagascar, cultivated for
ornament and medicinal purposes, and widely naturalized in tropical and
subtropical countries.
Casual; crack in base of wall in
city, flat ground in monastery yard; fl. April, August.
Cionura erecta (L.) Griseb. (FCA: 37).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Ierapetra: Kapnistis gorge between Pefkos and
Mournies by Amigues & Greuter (2004: 7, 8).
*Vincetoxicum creticum Browicz (FCA: 38; FCS: 13).
Further recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Kidonia: SW. slope of Mt Mavri, 1760 m, by
Zaffran (1990: Tableau 21 [separate sheet], as "V. canescens",
see p. 497 for locality). Zaffran's record was overlooked in FCA and FCS but is
likely to refer to V. creticum in view of the recent discovery of the
species on Mt Krioneritis in W. Crete (see FCS).
ASCLEPIADACEAE: see APOCYNACEAE
ASTERACEAE (COMPOSITAE)
The Euro+Med database
has been extensively used in updating this family for the Cretan area.
Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend.
& Y. P. Guo in Willdenowia 35: 50 (2005).
= Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns.
& Link (FCA: 69).
Transferred to Achillea L. by
Ehrendorfer & Guo (2005).
Ageratina Spach
Separated from Eupatorium L. by Greuter (2003e).
[Ageratina adenophora] (Spreng.) R. M. King & H. Rob. in
Phytologia 19: 211 (1970).
= Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (FCA: 65; FCS: 31).
Andryala L.
Andryala integrifolia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 808 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: Kalamaki by Turland
& Kyriakopoulos (in Greuter & Raus, 2004: 73).
Native; flat open stabilized probably
originally wind-blown sand deposits with low ammophilous vegetation; 15 m; fl.
April.
Anthemis macrotis (Rech. f.)
Oberpr. & Vogt in Willdenowia 36: 336 (2006).
= Matricaria macrotis Rech. f.
(FCA: 69).
Transferred to Anthemis L. by Oberprieler
& Vogt (2006).
*Anthemis samariensis Turland in Willdenowia 38: 63 (2008).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Samaria gorge by Turland (2008). Endemic to W. Crete. A member of the A. cretica L. complex. See photos by Jean Bienvenu.
Endemic; crevices of N.- to W.-facing vertical calcareous cliffs; 1675-1775 m (possibly extending lower); fl. June-July, fr. from July.
Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 210 (1832).
= Bubonium aquaticum (L.) Hill (FCA: 59).
= Nauplius aquaticus (L.) Cass. (FCS: 33).
Treated by Greuter (1997: 46) as A. aquaticus.
Cardopatium corymbosum (L.) Pers. (FCA: 60; FCS: 27).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Monofatsi:
near Amourgeles by Jahn (2003: 850).
Carlina gummifera (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 12 (1832).
= Atractylis gummifera L. (FCA: 59).
= Chamaeleon gummifer (L.) Cass. (FCS: 29).
Chamaeleon Cass. was included in Carlina L. by Greuter (2003b).
Carthamus caeruleus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 830 (1753).
= Carduncellus caeruleus (L.) C. Presl (FCA: 60; FCS: 27).
Carduncellus Adans. was included in Carthamus L. by Greuter (2003b).
Carthamus creticus L.,
Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1163 (1763).
= C. lanatus L. subsp. baeticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman (FCA:
61).
Treated as C. creticus in the
Euro+Med database.
Centaurea aegialophila Wagenitz (FCA: 61; FCS: 28).
Font & al. (2002) separated Crocodylium Hill (an earlier name for Aegialophila
Boiss. & Heldr.) from Centaurea L. and treated Centaurea aegialophila
(Aegialophila cretica Boiss. & Heldr.) as Crocodylium creticum
(Boiss. & Heldr.) N. García & Susanna (loc. cit.: 25). See also Centaurea pumilio
below. However, Greuter (2003b) included Aegialophila within Centaurea.
Centaurea argentea L. (FCA: 61). Map.
Turland & Chilton (2000) divided the species into subsp. argentea
and subsp. macrothysana, with the latter divided into var. chionantha
and var. macrothysana. Greuter (2003b: 54) raised var. chionantha
to subspecific rank.
subsp. argentea
NW. Crete (Ep. Kissamos) and the island of Kithira. Phyllary appendages
crescent-shaped or semicircular, 0.6-1 mm; teeth or short spines 0.1-0.6 mm.
Florets yellow.
*subsp. chionantha (Turland & L. Chilton) Greuter in
Willdenowia 33: 54 (2003).
= C. argentea var. chionantha Turland & L. Chilton in Bot. Chron.
13: 77 (2000).
Endemic to E. Crete (Afendis Kavousi area). Phyllary appendages triangular to
triangular-ovate, 1.4-3.5 mm; spines 0.6-2 mm. Florets white, fertile ones
reddish purple at the apex.
*subsp. macrothysana (Rech. f.) Turland & L. Chilton in Bot.
Chron. 13: 76 (2000).
Endemic to W. Crete (Lefka Ori), C. Crete (Asterousia Ori) and E. Crete (Ziros
mountains). Like subsp. chionantha but florets yellow.
Centaurea benedicta (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1296 (1763).
= Cnicus benedictus L. (FCA: 63; FCS: 30).
Cnicus L. was included in Centaurea L. by Greuter (2003b).
Centaurea pumilio L., nom. &
orth. cons. (FCA: 61).
Font & al. (2002) separated Crocodylium Hill (an earlier name for Aegialophila
Boiss. & Heldr.) from Centaurea L. and treated Centaurea pumilio
as Crocodylium pumilio (L.) N. García & Susanna (loc. cit.: 25, as C.
"pumilum"). However, Greuter (2003b) included Aegialophila
within Centaurea.
Centaurea raphanina Sm. (FCA: 62; FCS: 29).
Greuter (2003b: 55) recognized two subspecies in the Cretan area.
*subsp. raphanina
The widespread, phrygana ecotype characterized by acaulescent habit and pinnate
leaves (Greuter, loc. cit.).
*subsp. saxatilis (K. Koch) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 55 (2003).
= C. saxatilis (K. Koch) B. D. Jacks. (FCA: 62).
Recorded from E. Crete (Ep. Pedias and Ep. Ierapetra/Sitia) by Greuter (loc.
cit.), who described it as a rock-crevice ecotype characterized by lanceolate,
entire to subpinnate, glabrous leaves and cuneate-based capitula borne on
short, scapiform stems.
Chlamydophora tridentata (Delile) Ehrenb. ex Less. (FCA: 62).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island, 0-200 m, by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 317). Further recorded
from Ep. Selinos: Gavdopoula island, Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island
(including Mikronisi) and Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island (including Makrouli,
Strongili and Trahilos) by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 337).
Cichorium intybus L. (FCA:
63).
= C. intybus subsp. glabratum (C. Presl) Wagenitz &
Bedarff (FCS: 30).
Subspecies glabratum treated as a
synonym of C. intybus in the Euro+Med
database.
Cichorium pumilum Jacq. (FCA:
63).
= C. endivia L. subsp. divaricatum (Schousb.) P. D. Sell (FCS:
30).
Treated as C. pumilum in the Euro+Med
database.
Cladanthus Cass.
Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 576 (1827).
= Chamaemelum mixtum (L.) All. (FCA: 62).
Treated as C. mixtus in the Euro+Med database.
Coleostephus Cass.
Coleostephus myconis (L.) Rchb.
f. in Rchb. & Rchb. f., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 16: 49 (1853).
= Leucanthemum myconis (L.) Giraud
(FCA: 68-69).
Treated as C. myconis in the Euro+Med
database.
Cota J. Gay
Separated from Anthemis L. in the
Euro+Med database.
Cota altissima (L.) J. Gay in
Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 867 (1845).
= Anthemis altissima L. (FCA: 57;
FCS: 25).
Cota palaestina Kotschy in Unger & Kotschy, Ins. Cypern:
240 (1865).
= Anthemis melanolepis Boiss. (FCA: 58).
Crepis foetida L. (FCA: 64).
The Euro+Med database recognizes subsp. glandulosa (C. Presl) Arcang.
(Comp. Fl. Ital.: 432. 1882) and subsp. sitiaca Rech. f. (in Anz. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 80(12): 62. 1943) as "preliminary
accepted", giving both taxa for the Cretan area, the latter as endemic.
Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm. in Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins 30: 79
(1913) (FCA: 64; FCS: 31).
The Euro+Med database recognizes subsp. nemausensis
(P. Fourn.) Babc. (in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22: 731. 1947) as
"preliminary accepted", giving the taxon for the Cretan area. Note
also the earlier place of publication of the species name than that given in
FCA and FCS.
Cyanus Mill.
Separated from Centaurea L. by Greuter (2003b).
*Cyanus baldaccii (Degen ex Halácsy) Holub in Preslia 46: 228 (1974).
= Centaurea baldaccii Degen ex Halácsy (FCA: 61; FCS: 28).
Cyanus depressus (M. Bieb.) Soják (= Centaurea depressa M.
Bieb.).
See notes under Convolvulus libanoticus
below.
[Cyanus segetum] Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 29 (1762).
= Centaurea cyanus L. (FCS: 28).
Further recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Apokoronos: Neos Kournas, between Balarina
and Dramia, by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 321), who regarded the
species as fully naturalized in the Cretan area, and Ep. Kidonia: 1 km NNE of
Deres by Jahn (in Greuter & Raus, 2002: 196-197), who regarded the species
as "doubtfully naturalised".
Naturalized; grazed and cultivated fields, waste places, bulldozed area on
phyllitic schist; 0-250 m; fl. May to July.
Cynara cardunculus L. (FCA: 65;
FCS: 31).
The Euro+Med database recognizes C.
scolymus L. as separate from C.
cardunculus but as "preliminary accepted", giving both species
for the Cretan area, the former as introduced, the latter as native.
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter (FCA: 65).
subsp. angustifolia (Bég.) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 242 (2003).
= D. orientalis Brullo & De Marco in Portugaliae Acta Biol. 19: 345
(2000).
Eastern Mediterranean plants of D. viscosa were separated as D.
orientalis by Brullo & De Marco (2000). That species was in turn
treated as D. viscosa subsp. angustifolia by Greuter (2003d:
242).
Echinops spinosissimus subsp. bithynicus (Boiss.) Greuter in
Willdenowia 33: 58 (2003).
The same combination was made by Kožuharov (in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 41.
1975), but it was not validly published there because the basionym was not
cited.
Erigeron L.
Conyza Less. was included in Erigeron by Greuter (2003a).
Erigeron bonariensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 863 (1753).
= Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist (FCA: 63).
Erigeron canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 863 (1753).
= Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist (FCA: 63).
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 28 (1788).
= Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng. (FCA: 63).
= C. sumatrensis (Retz.) Walker (FCS: 30).
Filago cretensis subsp. cycladum Wagenitz (FCA: 66).
New to Crete. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al.
(1997: 318), who noted that "few specimens" in the single collection
that they assigned to subsp. cycladum are transitional between that
taxon and subsp. cretensis. Further recorded from Ep. Sitia: Strongili
and Makrouli islets near Koufonisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 337).
Galactites tomentosus Moench (FCA: 66; FCS: 32).
Strictly speaking, the correct name for this species in Galactites Moench is G.
elegans (All.) Nyman ex Soldano, based on Centaurea elegans All. 1785, which has priority over G. tomentosus Moench 1794. To prevent
the long-established name G. tomentosus
from being displaced, Turland (2005) proposed that name for conservation
against C. elegans. Note also the
masculine gender of Galactites in accordance
with Art. 62.4 of the ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006).
Galatella Cass.
Separated from Aster L. by Greuter (2003a).
Galatella cretica Gand., Fl. Cret.: 59 (1916).
= Aster creticus (Gand.) Rech. f. (FCA: 58; FCS: 26).
Glebionis Cass.
The conservation of the name Chrysanthemum with C. indicum L. as
the conserved type (replacing C. coronarium L.; see McNeill & al.,
2006: 316) means that Chrysanthemum now applies to the Asian genus
previously treated as Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. and the two
Mediterranean species must be treated under Glebionis.
Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 181
(1841).
= Chrysanthemum coronarium L., nom.
cons. (FCA: 62; FCS: 29).
var. coronaria
Ligules yellow throughout.
var. discolor (d'Urv.) Turland in Taxon
53: 1073 (2004).
= C. coronarium var. discolor d'Urv. (FCA: 62, in note).
Ligules yellow at the base, white distally.
Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. in Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 90
(1869).
= Chrysanthemum segetum L. (FCA: 62; FCS: 29).
Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.
W. Schmidt in Samml. Phys.-Ökon. Aufsätze 1: 279 (1795).
= H. cretica (L.) Dum. Cours. (FCA:
66; FCS: 32).
Treated as H. rhagadioloides in the
Euro+Med database. The two names are based on Hyoseris rhagadioloides L. (Sp. Pl. 2: 809. 1753) and Hyoseris cretica L. (loc. cit.: 810) and
therefore have equal priority. The correct name depends on which name was
accepted first while simultaneously treating the other in synonymy; see Art.
11.5 of the ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006). The Euro+Med database also includes
subsp. tubaeformis (Ten.) Hayek (in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Beih. 30(2): 807. 1931) as "preliminary accepted", giving the taxon
for the Cretan area.
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.
Don in Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 342 (1830).
subsp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman,
Consp. Fl. Eur.: 382 (1879).
= H. microphyllum (Willd.) Cambess.
(FCA: 67).
Treated as H. italicum subsp. microphyllum in the Euro+Med database.
Hieracium schmidtii Tausch (FCA:
67).
The Euro+Med database accepts this species, presumably in an aggregate sense,
and accepts within it H. pallidum
Biv. (see note in FCA), including within that taxon H. pallidum subsp. creticum
Zahn (in Engl., Pflanzenr. 75: 221. 1921) as "preliminary accepted"
and endemic to the Cretan area.
Jacobaea Mill.
Separated from Senecio L. by Pelser
& al. (2006).
*Jacobaea gnaphalioides (Spreng.)
Veldkamp in Compositae Newslett. 44: 6 (2006).
= Senecio gnaphalioides Spreng.,
Syst. Veg. 3: 554 (1826) (FCA: 72; FCS: 34).
The change in spelling of the specific epithet, and in authorship and place of
publication of the basionym, are because "Senecio
gnaphalodes" of Sieber (Reise Kreta 1: 352. 1823), as given in FCA and
FCS, is in fact a nomen nudum and was
therefore not validly published. The species was subsequently published as Conyza gnaphalodes Sieber (Reise Kreta
2: 322. 1823), but this is a later homonym of C. gnaphalioides Kunth 1820 and is therefore illegitimate. Sprengel
validly published S. gnaphalioides as
a nomen novum for, not a new
combination based on, C. gnaphalodes
Sieber, so his spelling "gnaphalioides"
is correct and cannot be changed to "gnaphalodes".
Klasea Cass.
Separated from Serratula L. by Greuter (2003b).
Klasea flavescens (L.) Holub in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 305
(1977).
subsp. cretica (Turrill) Greuter & Wagenitz in Willdenowia 33: 59
(2003).
= Serratula cichoracea subsp. cretica Turrill (FCA: 72; FCS: 35).
= Klasea cretica (Turrill) Holub in
Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 305 (1977).
No longer regarded as endemic to Crete. Recorded from Peloponnisos by
Kalpoutzakis & Constantinidis (2006: 276, as K. cretica (Turrill) Holub).
Lactuca L.
Scariola F. W. Schmidt and Steptorhamphus Bunge were included in Lactuca
by Greuter (2003c).
Lactuca acanthifolia (Willd.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 818 (1875).
= Scariola acanthifolia (Willd.) Soják (FCA: 71).
*Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech. f. in Akad. Wiss. Wien,
Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 105(2, 1): 160 (1944).
= Scariola alpestris (Gand.) Greuter & al. (FCA: 71; FCS: 34).
Lactuca tuberosa Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 1: 18 (1770).
= Steptorhamphus tuberosus (Jacq.) Grossh. (FCA: 72; FCS: 35).
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, Fl. Čech.: 160
(1819).
= Scariola viminea (L.) F. W. Schmidt (FCA: 71).
Laphangium (Hilliard & B. L. Burtt) Tzvelev
Separated from Pseudognaphalium Kirp. by Greuter (2003d).
Laphangium luteoalbum (L.) Tzvelev in Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp.
Prir., Otd. Biol. 98(6): 105 (1994).
= Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt (FCA: 70).
Limbarda Adans.
Separated from Inula L. by Greuter (2003d).
Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 68 (1827).
= Inula crithmoides L. (FCA: 68; FCS: 33).
subsp. longifolia (Arcang.) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 244 (2003).
Plants from the Cretan area belong to the Mediterranean subsp. longifolia.
Matricaria aurea (L.) Sch. Bip. in Bonplandia 8: 369 (1860).
New to the Cretan area and to Greece. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island
by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 319).
Native; 200 m.
Matricaria chamomilla L., Sp. Pl. 2: 891 (1753).
= M. recutita L. (FCA: 69; FCS: 33).
Applequist (2002) demonstrated that the correct name for this species is M.
chamomilla and noted that plants with coronate ray cypselas only should
fall into var. chamomilla, plants with all cypselas coronate should fall
into var. coronata J. Gay ex Boiss., and plants with all cypselas
epappose should fall into var. recutita (L.) Fiori.
Pallenis Cass.
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. in Cuvier, Dict. Hist. Nat. 37: 276
(1825).
= Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Sch. Bip. (FCA: 59; FCS: 26).
Treated by Greuter (1997: 47) as P. spinosa.
Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf., Tabl. Ecole Bot.: 89 (1804).
= P. altissima Delile (FCA: 70).
Treated by Greuter (2003c: 235) as P. rhagadioloides.
Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC.,
Prodr. 5: 396 (1836).
subsp. graecum (Boiss. & Heldr.)
Batt. in Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie 1(Dicot.): 444 (1889).
= P. graecum Boiss. & Heldr.
(FCA: 69; FCS: 34).
Treated as P. rupestre subsp. graecum in the Euro+Med database.
?subsp. illyricum (H. Lindb.) Ginzb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 70: 198 (1921).
Recorded in the Euro+Med database as doubtfully present in the Cretan area.
Phagnalon saxatile (L.) Cass. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1819: 174
(1819).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Elafonisi island by Böhling
(in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 321). This species is superficially similar to P.
graecum Boiss. & Heldr. except that the middle phyllaries have undulate
margins.
Native; phrygana on thinly sand-covered Tertiary conglomerate; 20-30 m.
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.)
Bernh. (FCA: 70; FCS: 34).
The Euro+Med database recognizes subsp. uliginosa Nyman
(Consp. Fl. Eur.: 394. 1879) as "preliminary accepted", giving the
taxon for the Cretan area.
Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. (FCA: 70).
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: Lasithi
plain, Agios Haralambos by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 236).
Native; loamy soil in small seasonally wet spring pond; 850 m.
Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth,
Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 35 (1787).
= R. orientalis (L.) Hochr. (FCA:
70).
Plants in the Cretan area have been called R.
orientalis and regarded as the eastern vicariant of the more western
Mediterranean R. tingitana. However,
the Euro+Med database treats R.
orientalis as a synonym of R.
tingitana.
Senecio macedonicus Griseb.
See notes under Convolvulus libanoticus
below.
Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 136
(1803-1805).
= S. squalidus sensu auct. cret., non L. (FCA: 72; FCS: 35).
= S. squalidus subsp. rupestris (Waldst. & Kit.) Greuter
in Willdenowia 35: 238 (2005).
Plants from the Cretan area belong to S. rupestris. Abbott & al.
(2002) demonstrated that this C. European and Mediterranean species is distinct
from S. squalidus L., which may in fact be a hybrid between S.
aethnensis Jan ex DC. and S. chrysanthemifolius Poir. from Mt Etna,
Sicily. Greuter (in Greuter & Raab-Straube, 2005: 238) recombined S. rupestris as S. squalidus subsp. rupestris
and commented "While agreeing
with their [Abbott & al., loc. cit.] conclusions I prefer, for practical
reasons, to treat the taxa concerned (including but not limited to the
following one) as subspecies of a single species."
Sonchus bulbosus (L.) N. Kilian & Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 237
(2003).
subsp. microcephalus (Rech. f.) N. Kilian & Greuter in Willdenowia
33: 237 (2003).
= A. bulbosa (L.) Cass. subsp. microcephala Rech. f. (FCA: 57;
FCS: 25).
Aetheorhiza Cass. was included in Sonchus L. by Greuter (2003c).
Symphyotrichum Nees
Separated from Aster L. by Greuter (2003a).
Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G. L. Nesom in Phytologia 77: 292
(1995).
= Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron. (FCA: 59; FCS: 26).
Tolpis umbellata Bertol. in Mem.
Soc. Med. Emul. Genova 2: 133 (1803).
= T. barbata (L.) Gaertn. (FCA: 73;
FCS: 35).
The Euro+Med database separates T.
umbellata from T. barbata and
gives only the former species from the Cretan area.
Tragopogon porrifolius L., Sp. Pl. 2: 789 (1753).
subsp. australis (Jord.) Nyman,
Consp. Fl. Eur.: 462 (1879).
= T. sinuatus Avé-Lall. (FCA: 73;
FCS: 36).
Treated in the Euro+Med database as T.
porrifolius subsp. australis.
subsp. longirostris (Bisch. ex Sch. Bip.) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 237
(2003).
= T. longirostris Bisch. ex Sch. Bip. (FCA: 73).
Treated by Greuter (2003c: 237) as T. porrifolius subsp. longirostris.
Tripolium Nees
Separated from Aster L. by Greuter (2003a).
Tripolium pannonicum (Jacq.) Dobrocz. in Wissjul., Fl. URSR 11: 63
(1962).
subsp. tripolium (L.) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 47 (2003).
= Aster tripolium L. (FCA: 59; FCS: 26).
[Xanthium orientale] L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1400 (1763).
[subsp. italicum] (Moretti) Greuter in Willdenowia 33: 249
(2003).
= X. saccharatum Wallr. (FCA: 74).
Treated by Greuter (2003e: 249) as X. orientale subsp. italicum.
[Xanthium strumarium] L., Sp. Pl.
2: 987 (1753).
[subsp. brasilicum] (Vell.) O. Bolòs & Vigo in Collect. Bot.
(Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
= X. brasilicum Vell. (FCA: 74).
Treated in the Euro+Med database as X.
strumarium subsp. brasilicum (and
as "preliminary accepted").
BASELLACEAE
Anredera Juss.
Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis, Fl. Malesiana, Ser. 1,
Spermatoph. 5: 303 (1957).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: NE of Olimbos, near Volada, near
Piles and near Menetes, by Raus in Greuter & Raus (2002: 196). Native to
South America.
Naturalized; cliffs, rocks, rocky slopes; 100-400 m.
BORAGINACEAE
*Anchusa cespitosa Lam. (FCA: 38; FCS: 13).
Selvi & Bigazzi (2003: 439) mentioned an old, unconfirmed record of this
species made in the Korkuteli region of SW. Turkey and published by Spratt and
Forbes in 1847; they confirmed it by citing (as seen by them) the specimen
"Phrygie, Ouchak [Uşak]", July 1857, Balansa s.n. (G).
Uşak is located in W. Turkey 185 km NNW. of Korkuteli. The species should
still be considered endemic to the Lefka Ori until it is rediscovered in Turkey
or elsewhere.
Anchusella Bigazzi & al.
Anchusella variegata (L.) Bigazzi & al. in Pl. Syst. Evol. 205: 254
(1997).
= Anchusa variegata (L.) Lehm. (FCA: 39; FCS: 14).
Bigazzi & al. (1997) transferred Anchusa variegata (and A.
cretica Mill.) to a new genus, Anchusella. Recorded here as new to
E. Crete, Ep. Mirambello: S. of Valtos, 400 m, 6 April 1999, Chilton obs.
The distribution of this species in Crete is predominantly western, and this
appears to be the first record from E. of Rethimno. The species is mostly
replaced in SC. and E. Crete by Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) DC.
Myosotis litoralis Steven ex Fisch., Cat. Jard. Gorenki, ed. 1812: 27
(1812).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: S. of Anogia and Ep.
Lasithi: Limnakaros plain by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 231), who
noted that M. litoralis often grows with the similar M. incrassata
Guss., the former species with fruiting calyces densely crowded and appressed
to the stem (vs more distant and somewhat spreading in the latter species).
Native; colluvial soil in heavily grazed dolines, quartzitic schist in
Juglans regia plantation; 1150-1400 m.
Alyssoides Mill.
Lutzia Gand. was included in Alyssoides by Appel & Al-Shehbaz
(2002: 104).
Alyssoides cretica (L.) Medik., Philos. Bot. 1: 189 (1789).
= Lutzia cretica (L.) Greuter &
Burdet (FCA: 84; FCS: 42).
Alyssum baldaccii Vierh. ex Nyár. in Bul. Grǎd. Bot. Univ. Cluj
7: 123 (1928).
= A. fallacinum sensu auct. cret., non Hausskn. (FCA: 78; FCS: 38).
Kit Tan (pers. comm., 23 May 2002) noted that A. baldaccii has been
treated as synonymous with A. fallacinum Hausskn., which was described
from the N. Pindos mountains of Greece. The latter taxon has been collected
only once, by Haussknecht, and no other records are known. However, A.
fallacinum is thought to be a hybrid between A. chlorocarpum
Hausskn. and A. heldreichii Hausskn., and is unlikely to be identical to
A. baldaccii, which is endemic to NC. Crete (the type locality) and C.
Greece.
Alyssum simplex Rudolfi (FCA: 78).
= A. campestre subsp. campestre sensu auct. cret., non (L.) L.
(FCS: 38).
Treated by Hartvig (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 204) as "A. minus
(L.) Rothm.", which is based on "Clypeola minor L." (a nomen
nudum, not validly published). The correct name for the species is A.
simplex.
Alyssum strigosum Banks & Sol. (FCA: 79).
= A. campestre subsp. strigosum (Banks & Sol.) Jalas (FCS:
38).
Treated as A. strigosum by Hartvig (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 204).
Alyssum simulans Runemark ex Hartvig in Strid & Tan, Fl. Hellen.
2: 207 (2002).
Described since FCS. Recorded from W. and E. Crete (Lefka Ori and Dikti) by
Hartvig (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 207, map 1083). Endemic to Greece (E. Sterea
Ellas, Evvia, E. Peloponnisos and Crete). Intermediate in most characters
between A. foliosum Bory & Chaub. and A. minutum Schltdl. ex
DC.
Alyssum umbellatum Desv. in J. Bot. Agric. 3: 184 (1815).
Records from Crete were referred to A. siculum Jord. in FCA (p. 79),
after Barclay (1986: 41). However, Hartvig (in Strid & Tan, 2002) recorded
both species from Crete: A. siculum (p. 203, map 1074) from the Lefka
Ori, Psiloritis and Dikti massifs and A. umbellatum (p. 205, map 1078)
from Dikti.
Barbarea R. Br.
[Barbarea vulgaris] R. Br. in W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 4: 109 (1812).
[subsp. arcuata] (Opiz) Hayek in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Beih. 30(1): 387 (1925).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Agios Vasilios: Angouseliana by Jahn
(1996: 7, 38, as B. vulgaris; and in Greuter & Raus, 1998: 167, as
subsp. arcuata).
Naturalized; weed communities at roadsides, damp meadows; 300-350 m; fl.
March-May.
Brassica geniculata (Desf.) Snogerup & B. Snogerup in Strid &
Tan, Fl. Hellen. 2: 286 (2002).
= Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. (FCA: 83; FCS: 42).
Treated as B. geniculata by Snogerup & Snogerup (in Strid & Tan,
2002: 286). Appel & Al-Shehbaz (2002: 126) treated Hirschfeldia Moench
1794 as a synonym of Erucastrum C. Presl 1826, and Al-Shehbaz (2005)
subsequently proposed Erucastrum
for conservation against Kibera Adans. 1763 and Hirschfeldia.
If these three genera are combined, and conservation is recommended, then the
correct name of the species would be E. incanum (L.) W. D. J. Koch. Al-Shehbaz
(loc. cit.) noted "Currently the systematic position of Hirschfeldia remains a puzzle, and it
might best be treated as monotypic, comprising only H. incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss."
Clypeola jonthlaspi L. (FCA: 81; FCS: 40).
Runemark (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 236-237, maps 1138, 1139) recognized two
subspecies, which were treated as separate species by Rechinger (1943: 228) and
as a single species, C. jonthlaspi, in FCA and FCS.
subsp. jonthlaspi
W., C. and E. Crete.
subsp. microcarpa (Moris) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 63 (1882).
W. and C. Crete and Karpathos.
Draba nuda (Bél.) Al-Shehbaz & M. Koch in Novon 13: 173 (2003).
= Drabopsis nuda (Bél.) Stapf (FCA: 82).
Drabopsis was united with Draba by Al-Shehbaz & Koch (2003).
Draba praecox Steven in Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 269
(1812).
= Erophila praecox (Steven) DC. (FCA: 82).
Erophila was treated as a synonym of Draba by Appel &
Al-Shehbaz (2002: 124). E. praecox was treated separately from E.
verna (L.) Chevall. by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 244).
Draba verna L., Sp. Pl. 2: 642 (1753).
= Erophila majuscula Jord. (FCS: 41).
= E. verna (L.) Chevall. (FCA: 82; FCS: 41).
Erophila was treated as a synonym of Draba by Appel & Al-Shehbaz
(2002: 124). E. majuscula (given in FCS as doubtfully present in the
Cretan area) was treated as a synonym of E. verna by Tan (in Strid &
Tan, 2002: 246).
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav., Descr. Pl.: 426 (1802).
= E. sativa Mill. (FCA: 82; FCS: 41).
Treated as E. vesicaria by Tan (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 288).
Erysimum smyrnaeum Boiss. & Balansa in Boiss., Diagn. Pl.
Orient., ser. 2, 5: 23 (1856).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from W. Crete ("a single, recent
collection") by Polatschek & Snogerup (in Strid & Tan, 2002:
146-147, map 974).
Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.
Beih. 30(1): 480 (1925).
= Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray (FCA: 83).
Appel & Al-Shehbaz (1997) treated Hymenolobus Nutt. ex Torr. &
A. Gray as a synonym of Hornungia Rchb. Recorded from E. Crete, Ep.
Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island (including Mikronisi) and Ep. Sitia: Makrouli,
Strongili and Trahilos islets near Koufonisi island, by Bergmeier & al.
(2001: 339).
Lepidium L.
Cardaria Desv. and Coronopus Zinn were treated as synonyms of Lepidium
by Al-Shehbaz & al. (2002) and by Appel & Al-Shehbaz (2002: 136).
Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz in Novon 14: 156 (2004).
= Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. (FCA: 81; FCS: 40).
The correct name in Lepidium is L. coronopus because the earliest
legitimate name for this taxon is Cochlearia coronopus L. 1753, which
antedates L. squamatum Forssk. 1775. See Al-Shehbaz (2004: 156).
[Lepidium didymum] L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 433; Mant. Pl. 1: 92
(1767).
= Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. (FCA: 81).
Lepidium draba L., Sp. Pl. 2: 645 (1753) subsp. draba
= Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. subsp. draba (FCA: 81; FCS: 40).
Maresia Pomel
Maresia was treated separately from Malcolmia R. Br. by Appel
& Al-Shehbaz (2002: 139).
Maresia nana (DC.) Batt. in Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie 1(Dicot.):
68 (1888).
= Malcolmia nana (DC.) Boiss. (FCA: 84).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Kissamos: Falasarna, Ep. Kidonia: Akrotiri
peninsula and Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island, by Georgiou (2000: 371, as Malcolmia
nana).
Microthlaspi F. K. Mey.
Microthlaspi was treated separately from Thlaspi L. by Meyer
(2001; 2003).
Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F. K. Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84: 453
(1973).
= Thlaspi perfoliatum L. subsp. perfoliatum (FCA: 86; FCS: 44).
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (FCA: 84).
= Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek (FCS: 43).
Nasturtium R. Br. was treated separately from Rorippa Scop. by
Appel & Al-Shehbaz (2002: 143) and by Jonsell (in Strid & Tan, 2002:
177).
Noccaea Moench
Noccaea was treated separately from Thlaspi L. by Meyer (2001).
Appel & Al-Shehbaz (2002: 165-166) provisionally adopted a broad concept of
Thlaspi (i.e. including Microthlaspi F. K. Mey and Noccaea),
but noted that "some of its segregates (e.g., Noccaea) clearly
merit recognition".
Noccaea cretica (Degen & Jáv.) F. K. Mey. in Feddes Repert. 84:
466 (1973).
= Thlaspi creticum (Degen & Jáv.) Greuter & Burdet (FCA: 86).
Noccaea zaffranii F. K. Mey. in Wildenowia 15: 389 (1986).
= Thlaspi zaffranii (F. K. Mey.) Greuter & Burdet (FCA: 86; FCS:
44).
Sinapis alba L. (FCA: 85; FCS: 43).
Most, if not all, records are referable to subsp. mairei.
[subsp. alba]
Snogerup & Snogerup (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 288) stated "in Greece
there are scattered records throughout most of the country, but no documented
wild occurrences".
Possibly naturalized.
?subsp. dissecta (Lag.) Bonnier
Snogerup & Snogerup (loc. cit.) stated "So far no material seen from
Greece".
Doubtfully present.
subsp. mairei (H. Lindb.) Maire
Snogerup & Snogerup (loc. cit.) stated "The common and perhaps the
only wild form of the species in Greece".
CALLITRICHACEAE: see PLANTAGINACEAE
CAMPANULACEAE
Asyneuma pichleri (Vis.) D.
Lakušić & F. Conti in Pl. Syst. Evol. 247: 27 (2004).
= Campanula trichocalycina
sensu auct. cret., non Ten. (FCA: 43; FCS: 16).
Lakušić & Conti (2004)
transferred C. trichocalycina Ten. to
Asyneuma Griseb. & Schenk and
divided it into A. trichocalycinum
(Ten.) K. Malý in S. Italy and Sicily
and A. pichleri in the Balkan
peninsula and Crete.
Campanula laciniata L. (FCA: 43).
Recorded from C. Crete, Ep. Kenourgio: Agiofarango gorge by Kypriotakis (1998:
50, 59, 100).
?Celtis planchoniana K. I. Chr. in Strid & Tan, Fl. Hellen. 1: 54
(1997).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. Recorded from SW. Crete
by Boratynski & al. (1992: 46, on distribution map, as C. glabrata
Steven ex Planch. (1848), nom. illeg., non Spreng. (1828)). However, the
record may refer to C. tournefortii Lam., which is known from the same
area (Ep. Sfakia: Imbros gorge; see FCA: 147, map 1244), rather than C.
glabrata, which is distributed in the Balkans, Crimea and SW. Asia (see
Christensen in Strid & Tan, 1997: 54).
CAPPARACEAE
Capparis orientalis Veill. in
Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust., ed. 2, 1: 142 (1800-1803).
= C. spinosa subsp. rupestris (Sm.) Nyman (FCA: 55; FCS:
17).
Treated by Inocencio & al. (2006: 135) as C. orientalis.
Capparis sicula Veill. in
Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust., ed. 2, 1: 159 (1800-1803).
subsp. sicula
= C. spinosa [subsp. spinosa] var. canescens Coss. (FCA: 55; FCS: 17).
Treated by Inocencio & al. (2006: 140) as C. sicula subsp. sicula.
?Capparis zoharyi Inocencio
& al. in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 145 (2006).
Inocencio & al. (2006) described C.
zoharyi and gave its distribution as SE. Spain, Crete, the E. Aegean
Islands, SW. Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, NE. Egypt (Sinai),
N. Algeria and Morocco. Presence in the Cretan area is inferred solely from the
distribution map (p. 133), where a symbol is placed over C. Crete. None of the
paratypes (p. 147) corroborates this record. Confirmation of the presence of C. zoharyi in the Cretan area is needed.
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Arenaria aegaea Rech. f. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 50
(1939).
= A. serpyllifolia subsp. aegaea (Rech. f.) Akeroyd (FCA: 45;
FCS: 17).
Treated by Phitos (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 167) as A. aegaea.
Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 824 (1845).
= A. serpyllifolia subsp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman (FCA: 45;
FCS: 17).
Treated by Phitos (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 166) as A. leptoclados.
*Cerastium deschatresii Greuter & al. in Willdenowia 32: 49.
(2002).
Described since FCS by Greuter & al. (2002a). Endemic to Crete (W. of Lefka
Ori to Dikti). Related to C. scaposum Boiss. & Heldr., but dwarf
plants with much smaller, apetalous flowers.
*Cerastium scaposum Boiss. & Heldr. (FCA: 46; FCS: 18).
subsp. peninsularum Greuter & al. in Willdenowia 32: 49 (2002).
Described since FCS by Greuter & al. (2002a). Endemic to NW. Crete
(Korikos, Rodopou and Akrotiri peninsulas). Dwarf plants with smaller flowers
than subsp. scaposum.
subsp. scaposum
Endemic to W. and E. Crete (Lefka Ori, Krioneritis area and Afendis Kavousi). A
record mapped in FCA (map 161) and FCS (map p. 4) from Psiloritis, based on
Zaffran (1990: Tableau 26 [separate sheet], see p. 516 for locality), is
probably an error (Greuter & al., loc. cit.: 52).
*Dianthus juniperinus subsp. aciphyllus (Sieber ex Ser.) Turland
(FCA: 47; FCS: 18).
Recorded from C. Crete. The dot over the E. Asterousia Ori on the distribution
map given by Strid (in Strid & Tan, 1997: map 704) refers to subsp. aciphyllus
and has the following basis according to Kit Tan (pers. comm., 16 February
2004): Ep. Monofatsi: between Korifi and Asfendilia [peaks N. and E. of Ethia],
350-500 m, 22 June 1983, Risse (B).
Herniaria parnassica subsp. cretica Chaudhri (FCA: 47; FCS:
19).
No longer regarded as endemic to the Cretan area. Recorded from the Taïgetos
massif (S. Peloponnisos, Greece) by Hartvig (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 229).
Minuartia mesogitana subsp. velenovskyi (Rohlena) McNeill in
Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 24: 389 (1963).
= M. mesogitana subsp. kotschyana sensu auct. cret.,
non (Boiss.) McNeill (FCA: 48).
Kamari (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 175) referred the records of subsp. kotschyana
from Crete to subsp. velenovskyi and noted that Cretan plants resemble
subsp. kotschyana in habit, but not in petal, capsule and seed
dimensions.
*Minuartia wettsteinii Mattf. (FCA: 48; FCS: 20).
Subsp. parnonia Kamari, from Mt Parnonas in S. Peloponnisos, Greece
(Kamari in Strid & Tan, 1997: 182), was raised to specific rank in Tan
& Iatrou (2001: 85), as M. parnonia (Kamari) Iatrou & al.
Therefore, M. wettsteinii as a species is once again endemic to the
Cretan area.
Scleranthus polycarpos L., Cent. Pl. II: 16 (1756).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Kallergi and Mt Melindaou
area by Böhling & Snogerup (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 232).
Native; open calcareous thorn-cushion vegetation, sandy soil at trackside in
doline; 1450-1850 m.
Silene fabaria (L.) Sm. (FCA: 51; FCS: 21).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Sitia: Sideros peninsula by Melzheimer & Ulrich
(1994).
Silene fruticosa L. (FCA: 51).
The distribution given in FCA (map 214) is misleading. The large dots for W.,
C. and E. Crete were based on the map by Jalas & Suominen (1986: 30). In
Crete, the species appears to be restricted to Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island
(Bergmeier & al., 1997: 314) and Ep. Agios Vasilios: the larger (western)
of the Paximadia islands (Greuter, 1973: 34); see the treatment by Greuter (in
Strid & Tan, 1997: 252, map 478).
Silene integripetala subsp. lidenii Oxelman (FCS: 22).
No longer regarded as endemic to the Cretan area. Recorded from the island of
Andikithira by Tzanoudakis & al. (1998: 179).
Silene multicaulis Guss. subsp. multicaulis
= S. multicaulis subsp. cretica Melzh. (FCA: 51).
Greuter (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 289) included the Cretan endemic subsp. cretica
within subsp. multicaulis, which is distributed in the Apennines and
the Balkans.
Silene sartorii Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient.,
ser. 2, 3: 53 (1856).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: Matala by Turland &
Kyriakopoulos (in Greuter & Raus, 2004: 73).
Native; sand above beach; 20 m; fl. April.
Silene succulenta Forssk. subsp. succulenta (FCA: 52).
The record from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island given in FCA (map 227), followed by
Phitos (in Phitos & al., 1996: 473), should be treated as an error, as was
done by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 336). It was based on an old (pre-1930)
record by Gandoger cited by Rechinger (1943: 169) and an apparently post-1930
record mapped for extreme SE. Crete by Jalas & Suominen (1986: 69). The
treatment by Greuter (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 253) gave the Cretan
distribution as comprising Ep. Selinos: Elafonisi and Gavdos islands and Ep.
Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island; no further details were given for three
localities mapped on the main island of Crete (map 480).
Silene vulgaris subsp. suffrutescens Greuter & al. (FCA:
52).
Recorded by Greuter (in Strid & Tan, 1997: 277) from Crete, through S.
Peloponnisos, to Ipiros, Greece.
CHENOPODIACEAE: see AMARANTHACEAE
CISTACEAE
Fumana paphlagonica subsp. alpina (Janch.) Greuter (FCA: 56;
FCS: 25).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Viannos/Ierapetra: Dikti massif by Vassiliades
(2004: 15, as F. procumbens (Dunal) Gren. & Godr.).
Helianthemum syriacum (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. subsp. syriacum (FCA:
57).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep.
Kissamos: Mt Profitis Ilias by Jahn (1996: 6).
COMPOSITAE: see ASTERACEAE
CONVOLVULACEAE
?Convolvulus libanoticus Boiss. (FCA: 75).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. The sole record from
Crete (Greuter, 1973: 48) is based on Baldacci s.n. (BM!) from Ep.
Milopotamos: Nida plain in 1899. In FCS (p. 52), Origanum scabrum Boiss.
& Heldr. was recorded as new to the Cretan area, based on Baldacci s.n.
(BM!), with the same locality and date. Since then, two more unnumbered
collections, both labelled as collected by Baldacci in Crete in 1899, have been
found at BM(!): Cyanus depressus (M. Bieb.) Soják (Centaurea depressa
M. Bieb.), again from the Nida plain, and Senecio macedonicus Griseb.,
from "In reg. silvatica pharanghi Sphakia", i.e. in one of the gorges
of Ep. Sfakia or possibly the Sfakiano gorge E. of Hora Sfakion. The nearest
localities for these last two species are in Peloponnisos, Greece, but we
hesitate to record either as new to the Cretan area, suspecting instead that
all four apparent records may be the result of a labelling error. All four
labels are printed with "1899. ITER CRETICUM ALTERUM" and "D.r
A. Baldacci" and have the plant name, habitat, locality and month
handwritten. Kit Tan (pers. comm., 1997) suggested that the specimens may have
been collected in Peloponnisos, where all four species occur, but not by
Baldacci because he did not collect there. The material may instead have been
from Orphanides, who did collect in Peloponnisos in 1899. Similarly,
confirmation is needed for the sole record of Noaea mucronata (Forssk.)
Asch. & Schweinf. from Crete (Turland, 1992: 160), based on Mancuso s.n.
sub Baldacci (BM!) from Ep. Kidonia: Akrotiri peninsula in 1899.
[Cuscuta campestris] Yunck. in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 138 (1932).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Pirgiotissi: near Timbaki by
Deschatres & Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 322). Native to North
America; widely naturalized in the Mediterranean region and elsewhere.
Naturalized; dry river bed, parasitizing Xanthium.
*Cuscuta rausii M. A. Garcia in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 35: 172 (1998).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Karpathos: near Lefkos by Garcia (1998).
Endemic to Karpathos.
Endemic; flat rocky shores with small shrub vegetation; 10 m; fl. ?May.
CRASSULACEAE
Phedimus Raf.
?Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev.
1: 438 (1817).
= Sedum stellatum L. (FCA: 77).
Treated by 't Hart (1995a: 168) as P. stellatus. Occurrence in the
Cretan area not yet confirmed.
Sedum cepaea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 431 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kissamos: Elos by Deschatres &
Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 322), who noted that two sterile
specimens collected by Greuter in 1960 near Prasses (Ep. Kidonia), at 500-550
m, may belong to S. cepaea rather than to S. creticum, to which
they were initially tentatively referred. Given in FCA (p. 76) as erroneously
recorded from Crete, following Greuter (1974: 156). S. cepaea differs
from S. creticum in having leaves normally in whorls of four, with at
least the upper ones spaced along the stem; in its lax inflorescence; and in
its flowers with longer and narrower calyx segments and petals, and more
slender carpels.
Native; old wall in village, fresh shady talus along footpath.
Sedum creticum C. Presl (FCA: 76).
The species was treated as follows by 't Hart (in Strid & Tan, 2002:
332-333, map 1288).
*var. creticum
= S. creticum var. hierapetrae (Rech. f.) 't Hart & I.
Hagemann
= S. hierapetrae Rech. f.
Endemic to E. Crete (Dikti and Afendis Kavousi). Perennial.
var. monocarpicum 't Hart in Taxon 38: 650 (1989).
Widespread in the Cretan area, but no longer regarded as endemic there. Recorded
from the island of Andikithira by Tzanoudakis & al. (2006: 292). Annual or
biennial.
Sedum eriocarpum Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 310 (1809).
*subsp. spathulifolium 't Hart in Strid & Tan, Fl. Hellen. 2:
325 (2002).
= S. delicum sensu auct. cret., non (Vierh.)
Carlström (FCA: 76).
= S. rubens subsp. delicum sensu auct. cret., non
Vierh. (FCS: 38).
When this subspecies was first described by 't Hart (1995b: 7), the new name
was not validly published because the author did not state the herbarium where
the holotype specimen is lodged, contrary to Art. 37.7 of the ICBN (McNeill
& al., 2006). All requirements for valid publication were subsequently
fulfilled by 't Hart (in Strid & Tan, 2002). Endemic to Crete, whereas S.
eriocarpum subsp. delicum (Vierh.) 't Hart (S. delicum
(Vierh.) Carlström; S. rubens subsp. delicum
Vierh.) is restricted to S. Greece and the Kiklades ('t Hart, loc. cit.).
Sedum laconicum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. laconicum
= S. laconicum subsp. insulare (Rech. f.) Greuter & Rech. f.
(FCA: 77; FCS: 37).
Tan & Iatrou (2001: 163) included subsp. insulare within subsp. laconicum,
which is distributed in Crete and Greece.
Tillaea L.
Tillaea was reinstated as separate from Crassula L. by 't Hart
(1995a: 167).
Tillaea alata Viv., Pl. Aegypt. Dec. 16 (1830).
= Crassula alata (Viv.) A. Berger (FCA: 76).
Tillaea muscosa L., Sp. Pl. 1: 129 (1753).
= Crassula tillaea Lest.-Garl. (FCA: 76).
Tillaea vaillantii Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 720 (1798).
= Crassula vaillantii (Willd.) Roth (FCA: 76).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 321).
Native; small karstic rock pools seasonally filled with rain water 5-40 cm
deep; 0-100 m.
Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy (FCA: 77).
Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete by 't Hart (in Strid & Tan, 2002: map
1255).
CRUCIFERAE: see BRASSICACEAE
DIPSACACEAE
Scabiosa L.
Scabiosa atropurpurea L., Sp. Pl. 1: 100 (1753).
subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 330 (1882).
= Sixalix atropurpurea subsp. maritima (L.) Greuter & Burdet
(FCA: 87; FCS: 45).
Mayer & Ehrendorfer (1999) demonstrated that Sixalix Raf. should be
included within Scabiosa L.
EUPHORBIACEAE
[Euphorbia maculata] L., Sp. Pl. 1: 455 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: Akrotiri peninsula by Burton
(1996: 69). Native to North America.
Possibly naturalized; degraded phrygana.
[Euphorbia prostrata] Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 139 (1789).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: W. of city of Hania by
Deschatres & Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 323). Native to the New
World (probably the Caribbean region); naturalized in most of S. Europe.
Possibly naturalized; car park (parking lot) of a supermarket.
[Euphorbia pterococca] Brot., Fl. Lusit. 2: 312 (1805).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Nomos Hania (without further data) by
Lassen (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 55). Native to Macaronesia and the W.
Mediterranean region.
Status uncertain.
Euphorbia terracina L. (FCA: 90).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep.
Apokoronos: W. of Asprouliani by Fielding (in Fielding & Turland, 2005:
208-210).
Native; Phragmites frutescens stands
behind beaches, roadside ditches; near sea level; fl. April.
FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)
Astragalus boeticus L. (FCA: 103).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi
island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 341).
*Astragalus creticus Lam.,
Encycl. 1: 321 (1783).
= Astracantha cretica (Lam.)
Podlech (FCA: 103; FCS: 56).
= Astragalus creticus subsp. minoicus Brullo & Giusso in
Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51: 309 (2003).
Brullo & Giusso del Galdo (2003) included Astracantha Podlech within
Astragalus L. and described the plants of A. creticus from Afendis Kavousi as A. creticus subsp. minoicus.
Lewis & al. (2005: 481) also included Astracantha
within Astragalus.
*Astragalus dolinicola (Brullo
& Giusso) Brullo & Giusso in Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51: 309 (2003), as "dolinicolus".
= Astracantha dolinicola Brullo &
Giusso in Nordic J. Bot. 21: 475 (2002).
?= Astragalus creticus f. glaberrimus Greuter & Zaffran.
Described since FCS, as Astracantha
dolinicola. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: Embriskos area of Psiloritis
massif by Brullo & Giusso del Galdo (2002). Endemic to Crete. Brullo &
Giusso del Galdo (loc. cit.) distinguished Astragalus dolinicola from A.
creticus Lam. by various features, most obviously the sparse or absent
indumentum, and stated that A. dolinicola is restricted to the deep,
compact, dry soils of dolines, whereas A. creticus occurs in rocky
places with dry soils. They did not mention A. creticus f. glaberrimus
(Greuter & al., 1984: 281), which may be the same taxon. It was described
from 1900-2000 m on the SW. side of Mt Afendis Hristos in the Dikti massif and
was distinguished from the type by its complete lack of indumentum. The
holotype and paratype specimens of both names should be compared. Lewis &
al. (2005: 481) included Astracantha
within Astragalus.
Endemic; deep compact soils in dolines; 1400-1500 m.
Astragalus epiglottis L. subsp. epiglottis (FCA: 103).
New to Crete, and post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded
from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island, 30 m, by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 326).
*Astragalus idaeus Bunge (FCA: 103).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep.
Viannos/Ierapetra: Dikti massif by Vassiliades (2004).
Endemic; stony ground on S.-facing mountain slope; 1850–1950 m; fl. May to
July.
Astragalus peregrinus Vahl subsp. peregrinus (FCA: 103; FCS:
57).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra:
Gaïdouronisi island and Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island (including Makrouli) by
Bergmeier & al. (2001: 341).
Astragalus sesameus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 759 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Dragonada island by Bergmeier
& Dimopoulos (2001: 284).
Astragalus sinaicus Boiss. (FCA: 103).
Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 326) and
from the coasts of SC. and SE. Crete (unlocalized) by Bergmeier & al.
(2001: 341). Previously known in Crete only from Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi
island.
Biserrula L.
Biserrula was separated from Astragalus L. by Lewis & al. (2005:
480).
Biserrula pelecinus L., Sp.
Pl. 2: 762 (1753).
= Astragalus pelecinus (L.) Barneby
(FCA: 103; FCS: 56).
Hippocrepis cyclocarpa Murb. (FCA: 105; FCS: 57).
Further recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Ieraptera: Gaïdouronisi island and Ep.
Sitia: Akrotiri Mavros (Sideros peninsula), Dragonada island (Dionisiades
group) and Koufonisi island, by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 341-342).
Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. subsp. unisiliquosa (FCA: 105).
New to Crete, and post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded
from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 342).
?Lotus corniculatus L. (FCA: 107).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation, according to Lassen (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 59), who noted that the only confirmed Greek
localities are restricted to above 1000 m in S. Greece.
?Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (FCA: 107; FCS: 59).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation, according to Lassen (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 59), who noted that the only confirmed Greek
localities are restricted to northernmost Greece.
Lotus tenuis Waldst. &
Kit. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 2: 797 (1809).
= L. glaber Mill., nom. utique rej. (FCA: 107).
The senior synonym L. glaber Mill.
1768 has been formally rejected; see ICBN Appendix V (McNeill & al., 2006: 476).
Medicago arborea L. (FCA: 108; FCS: 59).
Recorded as native from Ep. Sitia: Dragonada and Gianisada islands by Bergmeier
& Dimopoulos (2001: 284, 289-290).
[Melilotus albus] Medik. in Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. 2:
382 (1787).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: below Prases by Böhling (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 59).
Status uncertain; ditches and bases of damp schistose slopes; 400 m.
[Melilotus officinalis] (L.) Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 594 (1779).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: below Prases by Böhling (in
Greuter & Raus, 2000: 238).
Possibly naturalized; roadside ditches by schistose slopes damp with seeping
water; 400 m.
Ononis diffusa Ten. (FCA: 110).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Sitia:
Koufonisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 342).
Ononis mollis Savi in Mem. Mat. Fis. Soc. Ital. 9: 351 (1802).
Separated from O. reclinata L. Recorded from C. and E. Crete and the
Karpathos island group by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 60). Some
records of O. reclinata in FCA (p. 111, map 869) may be referable to O.
mollis.
Native; abandoned limestone terraces, schistose screes, moist sandy ruderal
sites; 0-200 m.
Ononis vaginalis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 53 (1790).
New to the Cretan area and to Europe. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island
by Bergmeier & al. (2001: 342). Otherwise known from N. Africa and adjacent
SW. Asia.
Pisum fulvum Sm., Fl.
Graec. Prodr. 2: 62 (1813).
Recorded here as new to the Cretan
area. Karpathos: path from Avlona to Ancient Vrykous (35°46'43"N,
27°10'38"E), 300 m, vegetation alongside walled path, 7 April 2003, Chilton s.n. (herb. Chilton).
The species also occurs in E. Crete (Ep. Mirambello: Milatos, T. Constantinidis,
pers. comm., 19 January 2006).
Native; vegetation alongside walled
paths; 300 m; fl. April.
Sulla Medik.
Sulla spinosissima (L.) B. H. Choi & H. Ohashi in Taxon 52: 575
(2003).
= Hedysarum spinosissimum L. (FCA: 105; FCS: 57).
Choi & Ohashi (2003) treated the Mediterranean H. sect. Spinosissima
B. Fedtsch. as a distinct genus, Sulla.
Trifolium aurantiacum Boiss. & Spruner (FCA: 112).
Absent from the Cretan area. The sole, doubtful record (Dörfler 986, WU)
for this species is referable to T. campestre Schreb. (Lassen in Greuter
& Raus, 1999: 60).
Trifolium hybridum L. (FCS: 62).
subsp. anatolicum (Boiss.) Hossain in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh
23: 466 (1961).
Subspecies omitted from FCA and FCS. Recorded from Ep. Milopotamos: S. of
Anogia, 1200 m, by Zohary & Heller (1984: 147, as T. hybridum var. anatolicum
(Boiss.) Boiss.), who also recorded subsp. elegans (Savi) Asch. &
Graebn. from Crete but without locality (loc. cit., as T. hybridum var. elegans
(Savi) Boiss.). The latter taxon was subsequently recorded from Karpathos by
Raus (1996: 36; see FCS).
Trifolium lucanicum Gasp. ex Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 494
(1828-1832).
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Pedias: Kastelli by
Lassen (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 60), who noted that a previous record
seems plausible: Ep. Kissamos: near Roumata and Voukolies (Baldacci, 1895: 253,
omitted from FCA and FCS).
Native; dolines, dry sandy streambeds.
Trifolium michelianum Savi, Fl. Pis. 2: 159 (1798).
Recorded from Ep. Kissamos by Lassen (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 61) based on
a specimen collected by Reverchon in 1884.
*Trifolium phitosianum N. Böhling & al. in Bot. Chron. 13: 39
(2000).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: Mt Selena and Ep. Ierapetra:
Thripti by Böhling & al. (2000: 39, 41). Endemic to E. Crete. Related to T.
micranthum Viv. and T. dubium Sibth.
Endemic; dolines, shallow clayey depressions in former mule tracks; 650-1150
m; fl. May.
*Trifolium praetermissum Greuter & al. (FCA: 114; FCS: 63).
The distribution map records in FCS (map p. 22), for S. Psiloritis (as
"?") and N. Lasithi (Mt Selena), represent T. micranthum Viv.
and T. campestre Schreb., respectively (Böhling & al., 2000: 38).
Trifolium sylvaticum Gérard in J. Bot. (Desvaux) 2: 367 (1809).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Mirambello: Katharo plain by Lassen
(in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 61).
Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614 (1821).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: Nea Roumata by Lassen (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 61).
Native; moist maquis.
Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa (L.) Batt. (FCA: 116; FCS: 64).
Occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island, 50-350
m, by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 331).
Vicia tenuifolia (L.) Roth subsp. tenuifolia
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos
plain by Bäßler & Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 62). Earlier
records were regarded in FCA (p. 116) as misidentifications of subsp. dalmatica
(A. Kern.) Greuter.
Native; margins of barley fields; 1050 m.
Vicia villosa Roth (FCA: 116; FCS: 64).
subsp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P. W. Ball in Feddes Repert. 79: 45 (1968).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Mirambello: Katharo plain and Ep.
Lasithi: Lasithi plain by Lassen (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 62).
FAGACEAE
?Quercus frainetto Ten., Fl. Napol. 1: lxxii (1811-1815).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. Recorded from Ep. Agios
Vasilios: near Agios Vasilios and Koxare by Rackham & Moody (1996: 67, on
distribution map), but perhaps in error for Q. pubescens Willd., which
is abundant in that area. Quercus frainetto is known with certainty no
further S. than the Taïgetos massif (S. Peloponnisos, Greece) (see Christensen
in Strid & Tan, 1997: 48, map 71).
FRANKENIACEAE
Frankenia corymbosa Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 315 (1798).
New to the Cretan area and to Greece. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdopoula
island by Böhling & al. (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 55). Further recorded
from Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island (including Trahilos) by Bergmeier & al.
(2001: 340). Some records of F. hirsuta L. from S. Crete and the
Karpathos island group (FCA: 91, map 645; FCS: 48) may be referable to this
mainly N. African species.
Native; clayey saline loam on calcareous coastal neogene sediments and hard
limestone rocks; 5-30 m.
GENTIANACEAE
Schenkia Griseb.
Separated from Centaurium Hill by Mansion (2004).
Schenkia spicata (L.) G.
Mans. in Taxon 53: 726 (2004).
= Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritsch
(FCA: 91; FCS: 48).
GERANIACEAE
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. (FCA: 92; FCS: 48).
subsp. bipinnatum (Desf.) Tourlet, Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 103
(1908).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier
& al. (1997: 324).
Native; 0-200 m.
Geranium robertianum L. (FCA: 93; FCS: 49).
The records mapped in FCS (map p. 15) are based solely on Gradstein &
Smittenberg (1977: 68, 78, 85), Strasser (1988: 19, 23, 27, 35; 1989: 7, 13)
and Zaffran (1990: 185). At least some, if not all, are probably referable to G.
purpureum Vill.
GUTTIFERAE (CLUSIACEAE)
Hypericum: see HYPERICACEAE
*Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. tortuosum (Rech. f.) I.
Hagemann (FCA: 94; FCS: 50).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Viannos/Ierapetra: Dikti massif by Vassiliades
(2004: 15).
Hypericum perforatum L. (FCA: 94; FCS: 50).
subsp. veronense (Schrank) H. Lindb. in Oefvers. Förh. Finska
Vetensk.-Soc. 48: 73 (1906).
This subspecies was not separated from typical H. perforatum in FCA, but
Robson (2002: 96) accepted it and recorded it as the only subspecies present in
Crete. See H. tetrapterum (below) for H. perforatum as recorded
in FCA from Karpathos.
Hypericum tetrapterum Fr., Novit. Fl. Svec.: 94 (1823).
= H. perforatum sensu auct. karp., non L. (FCA: 94).
New to the the Cretan area. Recorded from Karpathos: 0.25 km SW. of Avlona by
Robson (2002: 83), based on Chilton & Turland 285 (BM), a sterile
specimen identified and mapped as H. perforatum L. in FCA (map 684). The
other two dots on the map for Karpathos are based on field observations of
identical sterile plants (for details see Turland & Chilton, 1994: 96).
These three records were the sole basis for the inclusion of H. perforatum
in the flora of Karpathos.
JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans L.
[Juglans regia] L., Sp. Pl. 2: 997 (1753).
Recorded from Ep. Agios Vasilios: Spili by Böhling in (Greuter & Raus,
2001: 324). The record refers to two saplings observed in 1997. Given in FCA
(p. 95) as cultivated.
Naturalized; open ground with sand over greyish green ophioliths, moist
waysides; 400 m.
LAMIACEAE (LABIATAE)
Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb. (FCA: 95; FCS: 50).
Here further recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Mirambello: Akrotiri Agios Ioannis,
225 m, 5 April 1999, Chilton obs. Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island, 0-100 m, by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 325).
Clinopodium L.
Clinopodium was accepted, as
including Calamintha Mill. and Acinos Mill., by Harley & al. (2004:
241).
Clinopodium alpinum (L.)
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891).
= Satureja
alpina (L.) Scheele (FCA: 99; FCS: 53).
subsp. meridionale (Nyman) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1):
16 (1999), as "meridionalis".
= S.
alpina subsp. meridionalis
(Nyman) Greuter & Burdet (FCA: 99; FCS: 53).
*Clinopodium creticum (L.)
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891).
= Satureja cretica (L.) Briq. (FCA:
99; FCS: 53).
Clinopodium graveolens (M.
Bieb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891).
= Satureja graveolens (M. Bieb.)
Caruel (FCA: 99; FCS: 53).
Clinopodium insulare (P.
Candargy) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 17 (1999), as "insularis".
= Satureja insularis Greuter &
Burdet (FCA: 100).
Clinopodium nanum (P.
H. Davis & Doroszenko) Govaerts,
World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 18 (1999).
= Satureja nana (P. H. Davis &
Doroszenko) R. L. Jahn (FCS: 53).
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 515 (1891).
= Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele (FCA: 99; FCS: 53).
Garbari & al. (1991) and Morales & Luque (1997) treated Melissa calamintha L., M. nepeta L. and Thymus glandulosus Req. as conspecific.
Clinopodium vulgare L., Sp.
Pl. 2: 587 (1753).
= Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch
(FCA: 100; FCS: 54).
subsp. orientale Bothmer in Bot. Not. 120: 206 (1967).
= S. vulgaris subsp. orientalis (Bothmer) Greuter &
Burdet (FCA: 100; FCS: 54).
subsp. vulgare
= S. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (FCS: 54).
Lycopus L.
Lycopus europaeus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 21 (1753).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Agios Vasilios: Spili by Böhling (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 55).
Native; permanently damp roadside; 400 m.
Micromeria Benth.
Micromeria was accepted by Harley
& al. (2004: 240).
?Micromeria graeca (L.)
Benth. ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 311 (1831).
= Satureja graeca L. (FCA: 99).
*Micromeria hispida Boiss.
& Heldr. ex Benth. in A. DC., Prodr. 12: 215 (1848).
= Satureja candica Greuter &
Burdet (FCA: 99; FCS: 53).
Micromeria juliana (L.)
Benth. ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 311 (1831).
= Satureja juliana L. (FCA: 100; FCS:
53).
Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss.
& Hohen. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 5: 19 (1844).
= Satureja myrtifolia (Boiss. &
Hohen.) Greuter & Burdet (FCA: 100).
Micromeria nervosa (Desf.)
Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 376 (1834).
= Satureja nervosa Desf. (FCA: 100;
FCS: 54).
*Micromeria sphaciotica
Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. in A. DC., Prodr. 12: 220 (1848).
= Satureja sphaciotica (Boiss. &
Heldr. ex Benth.) Greuter & Burdet (FCA: 100; FCS: 54).
Origanum onites L. × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link)
Ietsw.
= O. ×intercedens Rech. f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 80: 395 (1961).
Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete by Karousou & al. (2002: 153, 155), with
the first records from Crete cited as having been made in Karousou's PhD thesis
of 1995.
?Origanum scabrum Boiss. & Heldr. (FCS: 52).
Occurrence in the Cretan area requiring confirmation. See notes under Convolvulus libanoticus above.
Satureja L.
Satureja was accepted by Harley & al. (2004: 239). The only two species in the
Cretan area that remain in this genus are S.
spinosa L. (FCA: 100) and S. thymbra L. (FCA: 100; FCS:
54).
Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.,
Elench. Pl. Horti Matr.: 37 (1803).
= Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb.
f. (FCA: 95; FCS: 51).
Coridothymus Rchb. f. was included in
Thymbra L. by Harley & al. (2004:
238).
LEGUMINOSAE: see FABACEAE
LYTHRACEAE
Incl. PUNICACEAE
Lythrum tribracteatum Salzm. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 190 (1827).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Viannos: Amalos plain by Böhling
& Raus (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 238). Differs from L. borysthenicum
(Schrank) Litv. in its narrowly cylindrical (vs campanulate) fruiting
hypanthium.
Native; seasonally flooded ground; 1300 m.
*Cyclamen creticum Hildebr. (FCA: 129; FCS: 73).
Treated by Debussche & Thompson (2002: 141) as C. repandum subsp. creticum
(Dörfl.) Debussche & J. D. Thomps.
Cyclamen graecum Link (FCA: 129; FCS: 73).
Grey-Wilson (1997: 104-106) divided the species as follows:
subsp. anatolicum Ietsw. in Cyclamen Soc. J. 14(2): 51 (1990).
E. Aegean islands (Rodos), S. Turkey and N. Cyprus.
*subsp. candicum Ietsw. in Cyclamen Soc. J. 14(2): 50 (1990).
= C. graecum subsp. mindleri (Heldr.) A. P. Davis & Govaerts
in A. P. Davis, CITES Bulb Checklist: 131 (1999).
= C. mindleri Heldr.
Omitted from FCA and FCS. Endemic to Crete.
subsp. graecum
E. and S. Greece and Aegean region (including Crete).
Grey-Wilson (loc. cit.) did not mention the plants recorded from Kasos by Raus
(1996: 39).
Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton (FCA: 129; FCS: 73).
subsp. confusum (Grey-Wilson)
Grey-Wilson, Cyclamen, new ed.: 207
(2002).
= C. hederifolium var. confusum
Grey-Wilson, Cyclamen: 174 (1997).
Described since FCS. The plants of C. hederifolium in Crete, as well as
those in S. Sicily and S. Greece (S. Peloponnisos and several islands, including
Zakinthos) were described by Grey-Wilson (1997) as var. confusum. Those
investigated cytologically are all tetraploid (2n = 68) rather than
diploid as in subsp. hederifolium. Grey-Wilson (2002) raised the taxon to subspecific rank and gave it as also
occurring in S. Italy (p. 116, map) and SW. Turkey (p. 118).
MYRTACEAE
Eucalyptus L'Hér.
[Eucalyptus camaldulensis] Dehnh., Cat. Hort. Camald., ed. 2: 20
(1832).
Recorded as truly naturalized from Ep. Kenourgio: Mesara plain, Koustouliana by
Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 62), although not regarded as such in FCS
(p. 66).
Naturalized; pebbly riverbeds; 100 m.
Bartsia L.
Bellardia All. was included in Bartsia by Fischer (2004: 422).
Bartsia trixago L., Sp. Pl. 2:
602 (1753).
= Bellardia trixago (L.) All. (FCA:
141; FCS: 81).
Macrosyringion Rothm.
Macrosyringion glutinosum (M. Bieb.) Rothm. in Mitth. Thüring. Bot.
Vereins, n.s., 50: 228 (1943).
= Odontites glutinosus (M. Bieb.) Benth. (FCS: 81).
Treated by Bolliger (1996: 69) as M. glutinosum.
Orobanche grisebachii Reut. (FCA: 121).
Post-1930 occurrence in Crete confirmed. Recorded from the main island of Crete
(unlocalized) and Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island by Bergmeier & al. (2001:
343).
Orobanche picridis F. W. Schultz in Bot. Lit.-Blätt. 5: 504 (1830).
A record from Saria was regarded in FCA (p. 121) as a possible
misidentification of O. grisebachii Reut., following Greuter & al.
(1983: 63). Jahn & Schönfelder (1995: 285) regarded the species as
doubtfully present in the Cretan area (Saria). However, Uhlich & al. (1995:
124) recorded O. picridis from the Karpathos island group (Saria) and
from Crete, Ep. Mirambello: Mt Katharo Tsivi. Moreover, Kreutz (1995: 129)
included Crete in the mapped distribution for the species.
Orobanche sanguinea C. Presl (FCA: 121).
Foley (1999) argued that the name O. crinita Viv. 1824 should be applied
to the species traditionally called O. sanguinea C. Presl 1822 and that the badly fragmented original material of
O. sanguinea, a Presl specimen, is
most likely referable to O. variegata Wallr. 1825. Turland & Foley
(2004) proposed the name O. sanguinea for conservation with a conserved
type to prevent nomenclatural disruption. However, Domina & al. (2005)
argued that the Presl specimen is not incompatible with O. sanguinea as currently understood, but that it is nevertheless
demonstrably ambiguous. They therefore designated the Presl specimen as the
lectotype and also designated an epitype to prevent any ambiguity in the
application of the name. Accordingly, Turland & Foley (in Brummitt, 2006:
1102) withdrew their conservation proposal.
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis corniculata L. (FCA:
121).
New to Karpathos. Recorded from Olimbos by Böhling in Vladimirov &
al. (2006: 282).
PAPAVERACEAE
Papaver dubium L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1196 (1753).
subsp. dubium
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from W. Crete by Kadereit (in Strid & Tan,
2002: 89, map 877). Earlier records of P. dubium from the Cretan area
were referred to P. purpureomarginatum Kadereit, although perhaps some
are in fact correct.
subsp. lecoqii (Lamotte) Syme in Sowerby, Engl. Bot., ed. 3[B], 1: 90
(1863).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from W. Crete by Kadereit (loc. cit.: map
878).
In addition, the species sensu lato was recorded from W. and E. Crete by
Kadereit (loc. cit.: map 876).
Papaver rhoeas L. (FCA: 124; FCS: 69).
= P. guerlekense Stapf (FCA: 123).
Kadereit (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 87) included P. guerlekense in the
synonymy of P. rhoeas.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Incl. CALLITRICHACEAE and GLOBULARIACEAE
[Antirrhinum majus] L. (FCA: 141; FCS: 81).
[subsp. majus]
Cultivated for ornament in Crete and possibly locally naturalized.
Possibly naturalized; old walls, rocky places; fl. March to May.
[subsp. tortuosum] (Bosc) Rouy, Fl. France 11: 59 (1909).
This subspecies was omitted from FCA and FCS, although the following two
collections belonging to subsp. tortuosum were recorded by Rechinger
(1943: 472; 1944: 110, both as A. majus var. angustifolium
Chav.): Ep. ?Temenos: "in rupibus m. Icari pr. Heracleam Cretae",
April 1846, Heldreich s.n. (BM!); Ep. Kenourgio: "Ambeluzos",
3 July 1942, Rechinger 14119 (BM!). The plant still grows at the latter
locality: Ep. Kenourgio: 1 km N. of Ambelouzos, on road to Plouti
(35°04'02"N, 24°56'11"E), 275 m, 13 April 2003, Kyriakopoulos
& Turland sub Turland 1190 (B, BM, MO, UPA).
Naturalized; roadside banks with Genista acanthoclada; 275 m; fl. April.
Callitriche pulchra Schotsman (FCA: 42).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 313).
Native; small karstic rock pools seasonally filled with rain water 25-55 cm
deep; 100-300 m.
Callitriche truncata Guss., Pl. Rar.: 4 (1826).
subsp. occidentalis (Rouy) Schotsman, Callitriches: 36 (1967).
Occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Omalos
plain by Jahn (in Greuter & Raus, 1998: 164). A record from W. Crete was
regarded in FCA (p. 42) as a possible error.
Native; pond; 1050 m.
Linaria micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link (FCA: 143).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 338) and Ep. Sitia: Xerokambos,
1997, by Böhling & Scholz (2003: 28, under Avena sterilis L. subsp. sterilis,
55, under Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum). Also recorded
here by Rutger Barendse: Ep. Malevizi: near Tilissos, olive grove, 6-20 April
2003, Barendse obs. & photo. We
gratefully acknowledge Rutger Barendse (Balen, Belgium) for communicating this
record.
Native; olive groves, weedy vegetation; fl. and fr. April.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Limonium avei (De Not.) Brullo & Erben (FCA: 126; FCS: 70).
The single record from the Cretan area (Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island) is almost
certainly referable to L. echioides (L.) Mill. according to Bergmeier
& al. (1997: 334).
*Limonium chrisianum Brullo & Guarino in Fl. Medit. 10: 269
(2000)
Described since FCS, as being closely related to L. hierapetrae Rech. f.
Bergmeier & al. (2001: 344-345) noted that L. chrisianum seems close
to, or conspecific with, L. rigidum A. Mayer, and regarded its taxonomic
status as an open question. Endemic to E. Crete (Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi
island).
*Limonium cornarianum Kypr. & R. Artelari in Phyton (Horn) 38:
144 (1998).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Sitia: Moni Kapsa by Kypriotakis &
Artelari (1998). Endemic to SE. Crete. Related to L. creticum R.
Artelari and L. hierapetrae Rech. f. The collection Turland 777
(BM!, UPA!), from Moni Kapsa, was referred by Kypriotakis & Artelari (loc.
cit.: 147) to L. cornarianum. Turland's collection matches Rechinger
13267 (BM!) from an islet south of Agia Fotia, between Ierapetra and Moni
Kapsa. Both collections, the only basis for the presence of "L.
pigadiense" in E. Crete as given in FCA (p. 126, map 1018) and FCS (p.
71), should be referred to L. cornarianum.
Endemic; calcareous maritime rocks and cliff crevices; 0-15 m; fl. May-June,
September.
*Limonium creticum R. Artelari (FCS: 71).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al.
(1997: 334).
*Limonium elaphonisicum R. Artelari (FCS: 71).
Further recorded from Ep. Selinos: Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997:
334).
Limonium graecum (Poir.) Rech. f. (FCA: 126; FCS: 71).
= L. roridum (Sm.) Brullo & Guarino.
Brullo & Guarino (2000: 267, 269) restricted the name L. graecum to
plants from Donoussa island east of Naxos in the Kiklades (the type locality).
They published the new combination L. roridum (loc. cit.: 267) for the
widespread Aegean species traditionally known as L. graecum. Bergmeier
& al. (2001: 345) noted that the identity of L. roridum remains to
be clarified. Artelari & Georgiou (2003: 493) included L. roridum in
the synonymy of L. graecum.
Limonium hyssopifolium (Girard) Rech. f. (FCA: 126; FCS: 71).
Recorded from E. Crete, Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island (identification
provisional) and Ep. Sitia: Koufonisi island, by Bergmeier & al. (2001:
345).
Limonium ocymifolium (Poir.) Kuntze (FCA: 126; FCS: 71).
= L. pigadiense (Rech. f.) Rech. f. (FCA: 126; FCS: 71).
Artelari & Georgiou (2003: 487) treated L. pigadiense as a synomym
of L. ocymifolium; they referred (p. 490) the record from Agria
Gramvousa island (Christodoulakis & al., 1991: 60), until then the only
record of "L. pigadiense" from Crete that was assumed to be
correct, to L. runemarkii Rech. f. (see below). The only correct records
of L. pigadiense from the Cretan area were from Karpathos.
Limonium runemarkii Rech. f. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 80: 370 (1961).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Agria and Imeri Gramvousa islands and the
coastal area between Hania and Rethimno ("e.g. Almirida, Drapano,
etc.") by Artelari & Georgiou (2003: 490).
POLYGONACEAE
[Persicaria senegalensis] (Meisn.) Soják in Preslia 46: 155 (1974).
= Persicaria lanigera sensu auct. cret., non (R. Br.) Soják.
(FCA: 127; FCS: 72).
Identification corrected by Snogerup & Snogerup (in Strid & Tan, 1997:
87).
Rumex obtusifolius L., Sp. Pl. 1: 335 (1753).
subsp. subalpinus (Schur) Rech. f. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 49(2): 61
(1932).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Selinos: Anisaraki by Böhling &
Snogerup (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 239).
Native; ditch with running water near farmyard; 550 m.
Rumex pulcher subsp. anodontus (Hausskn.) Rech. f. (FCA: 128).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 335).
PRIMULACEAE
Cyclamen (also Anagallis,
Asterolinon and Lysimachia): see MYRSINACEAE
RANUNCULACEAE
*Adonis cretica (Huth) Runemark in Strid & Tan, Fl. Hellen. 2: 37
(2002).
= A. microcarpa subsp. cretica (Huth) Vierh. (FCA: 130; FCS: 74).
Treated as A. cretica, and as probably endemic to Crete (perhaps also in
Israel, Lebanon and Syria), by Runemark (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 37, map
783). Flowers yellow. Some records may refer to yellow-flowered plants of A.
microcarpa DC.
Adonis microcarpa DC. (FCA: 130; FCS: 74).
Given as doubtfully present in Crete by Barclay (1986: 81), but not known to
occur there according to Greuter & Raus (1989: 43). Subsequently recorded
from W., C. and E. Crete, as distinct from A. cretica (Huth) Runemark,
by Runemark (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 37-38, map 784). Flowers red or yellow.
*Ranunculus cupreus Boiss. &
Heldr. (FCA: 132, 422, map 1086).
Records of R. cupreus from Karpathos (in FCA and by Turland &
Chilton, 1994: 97) are erroneous and refer to plants of R. subhomophyllus
(Halácsy) Vierh. with honey leaves tinged orange beneath. Similar plants of R.
subhomophyllus from the Lefka Ori (Ep. Sfakia: Amoutsera valley 7 km N. of
Anopoli, 1850 m, 10 April 1990, Chilton & Turland 200 (BM)) were
also misidentified as R. cupreus and mapped under that species in FCA
(the westernmost dot on the map). The presence of R. subhomophyllus on
Afendis Kavousi in E. Crete was doubted in FCA (p. 133), whereas, in fact, both
that species and R. cupreus occur there. The feature of honey leaves
tinted orange beneath is not unique to R. cupreus: it is also found in R.
subhomophyllus and R. veronicae (see below). The three species
differ in their leaf morphology: bipinnatisect in R. cupreus, but
palmately lobed in the other two species; the lobes broad and overlapping in R.
veronicae, but not so in R. subhomophyllus. See Turland &
Chilton (2006).
Ranunculus cytheraeaus (Halácsy) Baldini in Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus.
London (Bot.) 32: 10 (2002).
Separated from R. bullatus L. Recorded from Crete by Baldini &
Jarvis (2002: 11). Some records of R. bullatus in FCA (p. 132, map 1083)
refer to R. cytheraeus.
Ranunculus neapolitanus Ten., Semina 1825: 11 (1825).
= R. bulbosus subsp. aleae sensu auct. cret., non (Willk.)
Rouy & Foucaud (FCA: 132).
Treated as R. neapolitanus by Strid (in Strid & Tan, 2002: 46).
Ranunculus rumelicus Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 305 (1843).
Mentioned in a note in FCA (p. 133) as having been recorded from E. Crete.
Recorded from the four main mountain massifs of Crete by Strid (in Strid &
Tan, 2002: 51, map 803).
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix (FCA: 134; FCS: 75).
Recorded from Karpathos by Strid (in Strid & Tan, 2002: map 837).
Ranunculus velutinus Ten. (FCA: 134).
Recorded from W., C. and E. Crete by Strid (in Strid & Tan, 2002: map 785).
*Ranunculus veronicae N. Böhling in Willdenowia 30: 245 (2000).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Kissamos: between Kambos and Keramoti by
Böhling (2000). Endemic to W. Crete. Related to R. subhomophyllus
(Halácsy) Vierh.
Endemic; crevices and stony soil pockets in steep NW.-exposed schistose rock
under canopy of Platanus orientalis; 350-400 m; fl. February-March(-April), fr.
late February-April.
RESEDACEAE
Reseda odorata L. (FCA: 134).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 336) and from Ep. Pirgiotissi:
Matala by Fielding & Turland (2005: 377-379).
ROSACEAE
Alchemilla L.
Aphanes L. was included in Alchemilla by Kalkman (2004: 371).
Alchemilla arvensis (L.) Scop.,
Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 115 (1771).
= Aphanes arvensis L. (FCA: 135; FCS:
76).
Alchemilla floribunda Murb.
in Acta Univ. Lund. 36(1) [Contr. Fl. Nord-Ouest Afrique 4]: 31 (1900).
= Aphanes floribunda (Murb.)
Rothm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 172 (1937).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Aradena, Ep. Amari: Mt Kedros
and Ep. Milopotamos: S. of Anogia by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 239,
as Aphanes floribunda).
Native; S.-facing calcareous rock ledges, sandy colluvium in heavily grazed
dolines, among village ruins; 500-1200 m.
Alchemilla minutiflora Azn. in
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 141 (1899).
= Aphanes minutiflora (Azn.) Holub in
Preslia 52: 94 (1970).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Sfakia: Mouri, with Alchemilla
arvensis (L.) Scop., by Bergmeier (in Greuter & Raus, 1998: 169, as Aphanes minutiflora). Provisionally
regarded as a synonym of Aphanes microcarpa (Boiss. & Reuter) Rothm.
by Walters (in Tutin & al., 1968: 64).
Rosa corymbifera Borkh., Vers. Forstbot. Beschr.: 319 (1790).
Separated from R. canina L. by
Silvestre & Montserrat (in Muñoz Garmendia & Navarro, 1998: 168) and
Kurtto & al. (2004: 73). The latter authors mapped R. canina sensu lato from W., C. and E. Crete (p. 72, map 3307) and
R. corymbifera sensu lato from W.
Crete (p. 76, map 3308).
Sanguisorba minor subsp. balearica (Bourg. ex Nyman) Muñoz Garm. & C. Navarro in Anales Jard.
Bot. Madrid 56: 176 (1998).
= S. minor subsp. muricata (Spach ex Bonnier & Layens) Briq.
(FCA: 137; FCS: 77).
Treated by Wisskirchen & Haeupler (1998: 456) as S. minor subsp. polygama (Waldst. & Kit.) Cout. (Fl.
Portugal: 296. Jan 1913), which has priority over S. minor subsp. muricata
(Spach ex Bonnier & Layens) Briq. (Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(1): 209. Apr 1913).
However, the correct name at subspecific rank must have the same final epithet
as the earliest legitimate name at that rank: Poterium spachianum subsp. balearicum
Bourg. ex Nyman (Consp. Fl. Eur. 1:
240. 1878); see Art. 11.4 of the ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006).
Sanguisorba verrucosa (Link
ex G. Don) Ces., Stirp. Ital. Rar. 2, in
pag. ad tab. S. dodecandrae (1842).
= S. minor subsp. verrucosa (Link ex G. Don) Cout. (FCA:
137; FCS: 77).
Treated as S. verrucosa by Navarro
& Muñoz Garmendia (in Muñoz Garmendia & Navarro, 1998: 387) and Kurtto
& al. (2004: 133).
RUBIACEAE
Incl. THELIGONACEAE
Asperula arvensis L. (FCA: 137).
Recorded by Turland & al. (2004: 384, 396, 402, 403) as new to C. Crete at
Ep. Kenourgio: 500 m E. of Gangales, E. side of road to Vali (35°03'39"N,
25°00'57"E), 250 m, large field with Hordeum crop and 8 large olive
trees, in SE. 250 m2 of field, 13 April 2003, Kyriakopoulos &
Turland sub Turland 1178 (B, MO, UPA).
Native; cultivated and fallow fields; 250-1100 m; fl. April to June.
*Galium incrassatum Halácsy (FCA: 139; FCS: 79).
Post-1930 occurrence in the Cretan area confirmed. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia:
Akrotiri Peninsula by Burton (1996: 69).
Endemic; degraded phrygana.
Galium recurvum Req. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 609 (1830).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: Gaïdouronisi island by
Bergmeier & Dimopoulos (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 62).
Native; patches with annuals among scrub on flysch; 30 m.
SALICACEAE
Salix pedicellata Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 362 (1799).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Kidonia: Fasas valley by Jahn (in
Greuter & Raus, 2000: 240).
Native; shady streamsides with Platanus orientalis and Hypericum hircinum.
Viscum album L. (FCA: 117).
*subsp. creticum N. Böhling & al. in Israel J. Pl. Sci. 50:
S-79 (2002).
Described since FCS. Recorded from Ep. Ierapetra: SE. slopes of Dikti and W.
slope of Afendis Kavousi by Böhling & al. (2002). Endemic to E. Crete.
Endemic; parasitic on the branches of Pinus halepensis subsp. brutia;
500-1100(-1500) m.
SAPINDACEAE
Incl. ACERACEAE
[Cardiospermum] L.
[Cardiospermum halicacabum] L., Sp. Pl. 1: 366 (1753).
Recorded as casual from Ep. Selinos: Plemenianos and Ep. Kenourgio: Lendas by
Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 2000: 240). The two records refer to single
individuals. Native to tropical America.
Casual; rooting in ditch and climbing up schistose bank in village, fissures
in concrete path in village; 40-300 m.
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Saxifraga carpetana Boiss. & Reut., Diagn. Pl. Nov. Hisp.: 12
(1842).
subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Heldr.) D. A. Webb in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 95:
243 (1987).
= S. graeca Boiss. & Heldr. (FCA: 141; FCS: 80).
Treated by Jalas & al. (1999: 180) as S. carpetana subsp. graeca.
Saxifraga rotundifolia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 403 (1753).
subsp. chrysospleniifolia (Boiss.) D. A. Webb in Jordanov, Fl. Rep. Pop.
Bulg. 4: 658 (1970).
= S. chrysospleniifolia Boiss. (FCA: 141; FCS: 80).
Treated by Jalas & al. (1999: 141) as S. rotundifolia subsp. chrysospleniifolia.
Spelling of subspecific epithet corrected in accordance with Art. 60.8 of the
ICBN (McNeill & al., 2006).
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Antirrhinum, Chaenorhinum, Cymbalaria,
Kickxia, Linaria, Misopates, Sibthorpia, Veronica: see PLANTAGINACEAE
Bartsia (= Bellardia), Euphrasia, Macrosyringion, Odontites, Parentucellia:
see OROBANCHACEAE
Scrophularia lyrata Willd., Hort. Berol. pl. 55 (1805).
= S. auriculata sensu auct. cret., non L. (FCA: 143; FCS: 82).
S. auriculata sensu lato was treated by Grau (1976: 617, 622-627) as two
species: S. auriculata sensu stricto, distributed in W. Europe, Sicily
and, possibly, Italy; and S. lyrata, distributed in the Iberian
peninsula, Algeria, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily and Crete. Ortega Olivencia &
Devesa Alcaraz (1993: 49-67) recognized the same two species, applying the name
S. auriculata L. in the sense of S. lyrata because the lectotype
specimen they designated for the former name belongs to the latter species as
currently understood; they used the name S. balbisii Hornem. for the
species traditionally known as S. auriculata. The same authors (2002)
proposed the name S. auriculata for conservation with a conserved type
in order to restore and preserve the traditional nomenclature. That proposal
was successful; see ICBN Appendix IV
(McNeill & al., 2006: 462).
*Verbascum spinosum L. (FCA: 144; FCS: 82).
Recorded from C. Crete, Ep. Pirgiotissi: near Kali Limenes by Rackham &
Moody (1996: 56, on distribution map).
SOLANACEAE
[Hyoscyamus aureus] L. (FCA: 145).
Recorded from W. Crete, Ep. Kidonia: Hania by Amigues & Greuter (2004: 6).
Mandragora officinarum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 181 (1753).
= M. autumnalis Bertol. (FCA: 145; FCS: 83).
Ungricht & al. (1998) reduced M. autumnalis to the synonymy of M.
officinarum.
Nicandra Adans.
[Nicandra physalodes] (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 237 (1791).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded from Ep. Lasithi: near Rousakiana by
Deschatres & Greuter (in Greuter & Raus, 2001: 324-325). Native to
South America; more or less naturalized in C. and SE. Europe.
Possibly naturalized; weed in small garden.
Solanum nigrum L. (FCA: 146; FCS: 84).
subsp. nigrum
subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Wessely in Feddes Repert. 63: 311 (1960).
Species not divided in FCA or FCS. Both subspecies recorded from W., C. and E.
Crete, as sympatric, by Böhling (in Greuter & Raus, 1999: 63).
[Solanum physalifolium] Rusby in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 88 (1896).
New to the Cretan area. Recorded (as var. nitidibaccatum (Bitter)
Edmonds) from Ep. Lasithi: Lasithi plain, Agios Haralambos by Böhling (in
Greuter & Raus, 1999: 63).
Naturalized; irrigated vegetable fields; 800 m.
[Solanum pseudocapsicum] L., Sp. Pl. 1: 184 (1753).
Recorded as casual from Ep. Agios Vasilios: Spili by Böhling in Greuter &
Raus (2006: 714). Native to South America, cultivated for ornament.
Casual; small open space between
wall and concrete steps in village; 400 m; fr. January.
THYMELAEACEAE
?Thymelaea tartonraira (L.) All. subsp. tartonraira (FCA:
147).
Tan (1980: 218) gave this subspecies as occurring no further E. than Italy
(var. transiens (Briq.) Kit Tan) and the Ionian island of Kefallinia
(var. tartonraira), where it may have been introduced (loc. cit.: 216),
and gave only subsp. argentea (Sm.) Holmboe as occurring in Crete (both
var. angustifolia (d'Urv.) Meisn. and var. linearifolia Kit Tan).
ULMACEAE
Celtis: see CANNABACEAE
UMBELLIFERAE: see APIACEAE
VALERIANACEAE
Valeriana asarifolia Dufr. (FCA: 155; FCS: 89).
No longer regarded as endemic to the Cretan area. Recorded from the island of
Andikithira by Tzanoudakis & al. (1998: 179; 2006: 295).
Valerianella pumila (L.) DC. in DC. & Lam., Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 4:
242 (1805).
New to the Cretan area and to the Aegean region. Recorded from Ep. Selinos:
Gavdos island by Bergmeier & al. (1997: 341).
Native; 100-200 m.
VISCACEAE: see SANTALACEAE
Taxa given for the Cretan area in the text of FCA, but apparently not recorded since 1930.
The following taxa appear not to have been recorded from Crete, the Karpathos island group, or the Cretan area as a whole since 1930 or earlier. No records have been found in the literature seen (see references in FCA, FCS and below), except possibly a few which are considered doubtful or are known to be erroneous, and no collections or field observations have been seen or made by the authors. This table updates Appendix 1 of FCA (pp. 417-421) and FCS (pp. 118-120).
yes = post-1930 records known
no = apparently not recorded since 1930 or earlier
[] = not native
? = occurrence doubtful
- = absent
| Taxon | Crete | Karpathos island group |
| Cymodocea nodosa | no | yes |
| Romulea columnae | no | - |
| Aegilops caudata subsp. polyathera | no | - |
| Alopecurus creticus | no | - |
| Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana | yes | no |
| Bromus lanceolatus | no | - |
| Bromus tectorum | yes | no |
| Cutandia stenostachya | - | no |
| Holcus lanatus | no | - |
| Hordeum geniculatum | yes | no |
| Poa pratensis [native occurrences] | no | no |
| Ruppia cirrhosa | no | yes |
| Viburnum lantana | no | - |
| [Amaranthus hypochondriacus] | no | - |
| Bupleurum lancifolium | no | yes |
| Torilis arvensis subsp. neglecta | ? | no |
| Turgenia latifolia | no | - |
| Achillea ligustica | no | - |
| Ambrosia maritima | no | - |
| Catananche lutea | no | yes |
| Centaurea hyalolepis | no | - |
| Cladanthus mixtus | no | - |
| Cota altissima | yes | no |
| Cota palaestina | no | - |
| Crepis micrantha | no | yes |
| Pulicaria sicula | no | - |
| [Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum] | no | - |
| Alyssum simplex | yes | no |
| Draba heterocoma subsp. heterocoma | - | no |
| Lepidium spinosum | yes | no |
| Rorippa sylvestris | no | - |
| [Opuntia humifusa] | no | - |
| Legousia falcata | no | yes |
| Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. doerfleri | no | - |
| Vaccaria hispanica | yes | no |
| Fumana laevipes | no | yes |
| Helianthemum aegyptiacum | no | yes |
| Helianthemum sanguineum | no | - |
| Chrozophora tinctoria | yes | no |
| Euphorbia platyphyllos | no | - |
| Euphorbia taurinensis | no | - |
| Euphorbia valeranifolia | no | - |
| Astragalus epiglottis | yes | no |
| Hippocrepis unisiliquosa | yes | no |
| [Lens culinaris] | no | yes |
| Lotus conimbricensis | yes | no |
| Lupinus albus subsp. graecus | no | - |
| Lupinus angustifolius | yes | no |
| Ononis serrata | - | no |
| Trifolium bocconei | no | yes |
| Trifolium dasyurum | yes | no |
| Trifolium michelianum | no | - |
| Trifolium patens | no | - |
| [Trigonella foenum-graecum] | no | - |
| Vicia villosa subsp. microphylla | yes | no |
| Erodium botrys | no | - |
| Lamium moschatum | no | yes |
| [Linum usitatissimum] | yes | no |
| Alcea setosa | no | - |
| Althaea hirsuta | no | - |
| [Gossypium herbaceum] | no | - |
| Hibiscus trionum | no | - |
| Malva nicaeensis | no | yes |
| Orobanche alba | no | - |
| Orobanche cernua | no | yes |
| Orobanche gracilis | no | - |
| [Papaver somniferum subsp. somniferum] | no | - |
| [Sesamum indicum] | no | - |
| Veronica acinifolia | no | - |
| Veronica agrestis | no | - |
| Veronica glauca subsp. glauca | no | - |
| Adonis annua subsp. cupaniana | no | yes |
| Rosa heckeliana | no | - |
| Valerianella eriocarpa | no | - |
| Viola reichenbachiana | no | - |
Abbott, R. J., James, J. K., Forbes, D. G. & Comes, H. P., 2002. Hybrid origin of the Oxford Ragwort, Senecio squalidus L[.]: morphological and allozyme differences between S. squalidus and S. rupestris Waldst. and Kit. Watsonia 24: 17-29.
Afordakos, G., 1999. [Greek font may not be supported] Το Lilium candidum L. στην Κρήτη [Lilium candidum L. in Crete]. Η Φύση [I Fisi / Nature] 84: 17-18.
Alibertis, A., 1998. The orchids of Crete and Karpathos. Published by the author, Iraklio.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 2004. Novelties and notes on miscellaneous Asian Brassicaceae. Novon 14: 153-157.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 2005. (1678) Proposal to conserve the name Erucastrum against Kibera and Hirschfeldia (Brassicaceae). Taxon 54: 204-205.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A. & Koch, M., 2003. Drabopsis is united with Draba (Brassicaceae). Novon 13: 172-173.
Al-Shehbaz, I. A., Mummenhoff, K. & Appel, O., 2002. Cardaria, Coronopus, and Stroganowia are united with Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12: 5-11.
Amigues, S. & Greuter, W., 2004 ["2003"]. L'aconit du mont Saint-Jean: solution d'une énigme historique de botanique crétoise. Bot. Chron. 16: 5-11.
Appel, O. & Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1997. Generic limits and taxonomy of Hornungia, Pritzelago, and Hymenolobus (Brassicaceae). Novon 7: 338-340.
Appel, O. & Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 2002 ["2003"]. Cruciferae. Pp. 75-174 in Kubitzki, K. & Bayer, C. (eds.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. V. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Malvales, Capparales and non-betalain Caryophyllales. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Applequist, W. L., 2002. A reassessment of the nomenclature of Matricaria L. and Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae). Taxon 51: 757-761.
Artelari, R. & Georgiou, O., 2003. Biosystematic study of the genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in the Aegean area, Greece. III. Limonium on the islands Kithira and Antikithira and the surrounding islets. Nordic J. Bot. 22: 483-501.
Baldacci, A., 1895. Risultati botanici del viaggio compiuto in Crete nel 1893. Malpighia 9: 31-70, 251-279, 329-355.
Baldini, R. M. & Jarvis, C. E., 2002. Typification of Ranunculus bullatus L. (Ranunculaceae). Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London (Bot.) 32: 7-11.
Barclay, Sir C., 1986. Crete. Checklist of the vascular plants. Englera 6.
Bateman, R. M., Hollingsworth, P. M., Preston, J., Luo, Y.-B., Pridgeon, A. M. & Chase, M. W., 2003. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 1-40.
Bateman, R. M., Pridgeon, A. M. & Chase, M. W., 1997. Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. Lindleyana 12: 113-141.
Baumann, B. & Baumann, H., 1999. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Serapias cordigera-Gruppe. J. Eur. Orchid. 31: 495-521.
Bergmeier, E. & Dimopoulos, P., 2001. Chances and limits of floristic island inventories - the Dionysades group (South Aegean, Greece) re-visited. Phyton (Horn) 41: 277-293.
Bergmeier, E., Jahn, R. & Jagel, A., 1997. Flora and vegetation of Gávdos (Greece), the southernmost European island. I. Vascular flora and chorological relations. Candollea 52: 305-358.
Bergmeier, E., Kypriotakis, Z., Jahn, R., Böhling, N., Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T. & Tzanoudakis, D., 2001. Flora and phytogeographical significance of the islands Chrisi, Koufonisi and nearby islets (S Aegean, Greece). Willdenowia 31: 329-356.
Bigazzi, M., Nardi, E. & Selvi, F., 1997. Anchusella, a new genus of Boraginaceae from the central-eastern Mediterranean. Pl. Syst. Evol. 205: 241-264.
Böhling, N., 2000. Ranunculus veronicae (Ranunculaceae), a new species from W Crete (Greece). Willdenowia 30: 245-250.
Böhling, N., Greuter, W., & Raus, T., 2000. Trifolium phitosianum (Leguminosae), a new annual clover species from Crete. Bot. Chron. 13: 37-44.
Böhling, N., Greuter, W., Raus, T., Snogerup, B., Snogerup, S. & Zuber, D., 2002. Notes on the Cretan mistletoe, Viscum album subsp. creticum subsp. nova (Loranthaceae/Viscaceae). Israel J. Pl. Sci. 50: S-77-S-84.
Böhling, N. & Scholz, H., 2003. The Gramineae (Poaceae) flora of the southern Aegean islands (Greece): checklist, new records, internal distribution. Ber. Inst. Landschafts- Pflanzenökologie Univ. Hohenheim, Beih. 16.
Bolliger, M., 1996. Monographie der Gattung Odontites (Scrophulariaceae) sowie der verwandten Gattungen Macrosyringion, Odontitella, Bornmuellerantha und Bartsiella. Willdenowia 26: 37-168.
Boratynski, A., Browicz, K. & Zielinski, J., 1992. Chorology of trees and shrubs in Greece. Poznanska Drukarnia Naukowa, Poznan.
Borzatti de Loewenstern, A. & Garbari, F., 2002. Bellevalia dubia subsp. boissieri (Hyacinthaceae) in Italy. Webbia 57: 181-186.
Borzatti de Loewenstern, A. & Garbari, F., 2003. Bellevalia dubia subsp. dubia (Hyacinthaceae), an endemic unit for the Sicilian flora. Bocconea 16: 543-548.
Bridson, G. D. R. (compiler); Townsend, S. T., Polen, E. A. & Smith, E. R. (eds.), 2004. BPH-2. Periodicals with botanical content. Constituting a second edition of Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum. Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh.
Brullo, S. & de Marco, G., 2000. Taxonomical revision of the genus Dittrichia (Asteraceae). Portugaliae Acta Biol. 19: 341-354.
Brullo, S. & Giusso del Galdo, G., 2002 ["2001"]. Astracantha dolinicola (Fabaceae): a new species from Crete. Nordic J. Bot. 21: 475-480.
Brullo, S. & Giusso del Galdo, G., 2003. Taxonomical considerations of Astragalus creticus Lam. group (Fabaceae) from Crete. Israel J. Pl. Sci. 51: 307-313.
Brullo, S. & Guarino, R., 2000. Contribution to the knowledge of flora and vegetation of Khrisi islet (Crete, SE Mediterranean sea). Fl. Medit. 10: 265-282 + tables 1-8.
Brullo, S., Pavone, P. & Salmeri, C., 2001. Allium brachyspathum (Alliaceae), a new species from the island of Karpathos (S Aegean area, Greece). Bocconea: 13: 413-417.
Brummitt, R. K., 2006 ["2005"]. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 57. Taxon 54: 1093-1103.
Burton, R. M., 1996. Two new flowering plant species for the flora of Crete. Fl. Medit. 6: 69-70.
Caddick, L. R., Wilkin, P., Rudall, P. J., Hedderson, T. A. J. & Chase, M. W., 2002. Yams reclassified: a recircumscription of Dioscoreaceae and Dioscoreales. Taxon 51: 103-114.
Chilton, L. & Turland, N. J., 1997. Flora of Crete: a supplement. Marengo Publications, Retford.
Choi, B.-H. & Ohashi, H., 2003. Generic criteria and an infrageneric system for Hedysarum and related genera (Papilionoideae-Leguminosae). Taxon 52: 567-576.
Christodoulakis, D., Economidou, E. & Georgiadis, T., 1991. Geobotanische Studie der Grabusen-Inseln (Südägäis, Griechenland). Bot. Helv. 101: 53-67.
Cousturier, P. & Gandoger., M., 1916. Herborisations en Crète (1913-1914). Première partie. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 63: 1-15.
Danin, A., 2004. Arundo (Gramineae) in the Mediterranean reconsidered. Willdenowia 34: 361-369.
Danin, A., Raus, T. & Scholz, H., 2002. Contribution to the flora of Greece: a new species of Arundo (Poaceae). Willdenowia 32: 191-194.
Davis, P. H., Mill, R. R. & Tan, K. (eds.), 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Debussche, M. & Thompson, J. D., 2002. Morphological differentiation among closely related species with disjunct distributions: a case study of Mediterranean Cyclamen L. subgen. Psilanthum Schwarz (Primulaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 133-144.
Delforge, P., 1994. Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient. Delachaux et Niestlé S.A., Lausanne and Paris.
Delforge, P., 1999. Contribution taxonomique et nomenclaturale au genre Himantoglossum (Orchidaceae). Naturalistes Belges 80(3) (Orchid 12): 387-408.
Delforge, P., 2001. Guide des Orchidées d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Proche-Orient, ed. 2. Delachaux et Niestlé S.A., Lausanne and Paris.
Dinter, I., 2000. Ein Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Orchis sancta auf Karpathos. J. Eur. Orchid. 32: 601-608.
Domina, G., Greuter, W. & Mazzola, P, 2005. A note on the type of Orobanche sanguinea C. Presl (Orobanchaceae), nom. cons. prop. Taxon 54: 500-502.
Ehrendorfer, F. & Guo, Y.-P., 2005. Changes in the circumscription of the genus Achillea (Compositae-Anthemideae) and its subdivision. Willdenowia 35: 49-54.
Fielding, J. & Turland, N.; Mathew, B. (ed.), 2005. Flowers of Crete [reprinted, 2008, with corrections]. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Fischer, E., 2004. Scrophulariaceae. Pp. 333-432 in Kadereit, J. W. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. VII bold'>. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Foggi, B., Scholz, H. & Valdés, B., 2005. The Euro+Med treatment of Festuca (Gramineae) - new names and new combinations in Festuca and allied genera. Willdenowia 35: 241-244.
Foley, M. J. Y., 1999. Orobanche sanguinea C. Presl or O. crinita Viv.?: the correct name for the widespread Mediterranean coastal plant. Candollea 54: 89-95.
Font, M., Garnatje, T., García-Jacas, N. & Susanna, A., 2002. Delineation and phylogeny of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron based on DNA sequences: a restoration of the genus Crocodylium and indirect evidence of introgression. Pl. Syst Evol. 234: 15-26.
Garbari, F., Jarvis, C. E. & Pagni, A. M., 1991. Typification of Melissa calamintha L., M. nepeta L., and Thymus glandulosus Req. (Lamiaceae), with some systematic observations. Taxon 40: 499-504.
Garcia, M. A., 1998. Cuscuta rausii (Convolvulaceae), a new species from Greece. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 35: 171-174.
Georgiou, O., 2000. Malcolmia nana (Cruciferae) in Greece. Bot. Chron. 13: 369-374.
Goetghebeur, P., 1998. Cyperaceae. Pp. 141-190 in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. IV. Flowering plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Goldblatt, P., 1998. Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gynandriris, Hexaglottis, Homeria, and Roggeveldia in Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae). Novon 8: 371-377.
Gradstein, S. R. & Smittenberg, J. H., 1977. The hydrophilous vegetation of western Crete. Vegetatio 34: 65-86.
Grau, J., 1976. Die Cytologie südwestmediterraner Scrophularia-Arten. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 12: 609-654.
Greuter, W., 1973. Additions to the flora of Crete, 1938-1972. Ann. Mus. Goulandris 1: 15-83.
Greuter, W., 1974. Floristic report on the Cretan area. Mem. Soc. Brot. 24: 131-171.
Greuter, W., 1997. Save Asteriscus, sink Nauplius (Compositae). Fl. Medit. 7: 41-48.
Greuter, W., 2003a. The Euro+Med treatment of Astereae (Compositae) - generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33: 45-47.
Greuter, W., 2003b. The Euro+Med treatment of Cardueae (Compositae) - generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33: 49-61.
Greuter, W., 2003c. The Euro+Med treatment of Cichorieae (Compositae) - generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33: 229-238.
Greuter, W., 2003d. The Euro+Med treatment of Gnaphalieae and Inuleae (Compositae) - generic concepts and required new names. Willdenowia 33: 239-244.
Greuter, W., 2003e. The Euro+Med treatment of Senecioneae and the minor Compositae tribes - generic concepts and required new names, with an addendum to Cardueae. Willdenowia 33: 245-250.
Greuter, W., Böhling, N. & Jahn, R., 2002a. The Cerastium scaposum group (Caryophyllaceae): three annual taxa endemic to Crete (Greece), two of them new. Willdenowia 32: 45-54.
Greuter, W., Koumpli-Sovantzi, L. & Yannitsaros, A., 2002b. Eleocharis caduca (Cyperaceae): a redeemed species of Tropical African origin discovered in Crete (Greece). Bot. Chron. 15: 17-30.
Greuter, W., Matthäs, U. & Risse, H., 1984. Additions to the flora of Crete, 1973-1983 (1984) - II. Willdenowia 14: 269-297.
Greuter, W., Matthäs, U. & Risse, H., 1985. Additions to the flora of Crete, 1973-1983 (1984) - III. Willdenowia 15: 23-60.
Greuter, W., Pleger, R. & Raus, T., 1983. The vascular flora of the Karpathos island group (Dodecanesos, Greece). A preliminary checklist. Willdenowia 13: 43-78.
Greuter, W. & Raab-Straube, E. von (eds.), 2005. Euro+Med Notulae, 1. Willdenowia 35: 223-239.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 1989. Med-Checklist Notulae, 15. Willdenowia 19: 27-48.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 1998. Med-Checklist Notulae, 17. Willdenowia 28: 163-174.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 1999. Med-Checklist Notulae, 18. Willdenowia 29: 51-67.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2000. Med-Checklist Notulae, 19. Willdenowia 30: 229-243.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2001. Med-Checklist Notulae, 20. Willdenowia 31: 319-328.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2002. Med-Checklist Notulae, 21. Willdenowia 32: 195-208.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2004. Med-Checklist Notulae, 22. Willdenowia 34: 71-80.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2005. Med-Checklist Notulae, 23. Willdenowia 35: 55-64.
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.), 2006. Med-Checklist Notulae, 24. Willdenowia 36: 707-718.
Greuter, W. & Scholz, H., 1996. Phragmites in Crete, Cenchrus frutescens, and the nomenclature of the common reed (Gramineae). Taxon 45: 521-523.
Grey-Wilson, C., 1997. Cyclamen: a guide for gardeners, horticulturists and botanists. Timber Press Inc., Portland, Oregon.
Grey-Wilson, C., 2002. Cyclamen: a guide for gardeners, horticulturists and botanists, new ed. B. T. Batsford Ltd., London.
't Hart, H., 1995a. Infrafamilial and generic classification of the Crassulaceae. Pp. 159-172 in 't Hart, H. & Eggli, U. (eds.), Evolution and Systematics of the Crassulaceae. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
't Hart, H., 1995b. Variation in Sedum litoreum and the S. rubens complex (Crassulaceae); new names and combinations. Ot Sist. Bot. Dergisi 2(2): 1-10.
Harley, R. M., Atkins, S., Budantsev, A. L., Cantino, P. D., Conn, B. J., Grayer, R., Harley, M. M., de Kok, R., Krestovskaja, T., Morales, R., Paton, A. J., Ryding, O. & Upton, T., 2004. Labiatae. Pp. 167-275 in Kadereit, J. W. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. VII. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Hautzinger, L., 1978. Genus Orchis L. (Orchidaceae); sectio Robustocalcare Hautzinger. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 81: 31-73.
Hiller, W. & Kalteisen, M., 1988. Die Orchideen der Insel Karpathos. Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 20: 443-518.
Inocencio, C., Rivera, D., Obón, M. C., Alcaraz, F. & Barreña, J.-A., 2006. A systematic revision of Capparis section Capparis (Capparaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 122-149.
Jahn, R. (ed.), 1996 [? (undated)]. Kreta. Botanische Exkursion für Fortgeschrittene 14.-27. April 1996. Institut für Botanik, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg.
Jahn, R., 2003. The phytodiversity of the flora of Kriti (Greece) - a survey of the current state of knowledge. Bocconea 16: 845-851.
Jahn, R. & Schönfelder, P., 1995. Exkursionsflora für Kreta. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart.
Jalas, J. & Suominen, J. (eds.), 1986. Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 7. Caryophyllaceae (Silenoideae). The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R. & Kurtto, A. (eds.), 1999. Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 12. Resedaceae to Platanaceae. The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki.
Kalkman, C., 2004. Rosaceae. Pp. 343-386 in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. Edited by K. Kubitzki. VI. Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg.
Kalpoutzakis, E. & Constantinidis, C., 2006. Additions and annotations to the flora of Peloponnisos (S Greece). Willdenowia 36: 271-284.
Kamari, G. & Artelari, R., 1990. Karyosystematic study of the genus Sternbergia (Amaryllidaceae) in Greece. 1. South Aegean Islands. Willdenowia 19: 367-388.
Kamari, G. & Phitos, D., 2006. Karyosystematic study of Fritillaria messanensis s.l. (Liliaceae). Willdenowia 36: 217-233.
Kaplan, Z., 2005. Potamogeton schweinfurthii A. Benn., a new species for Europe. Preslia 77: 419-431.
Karousou, R., Hanlidou, E. & Kokkini, S., 2002. [Greek font may not be supported] Εξάπλωση του υβριδίου Origanum × intercedens Rech. fil. και των γονικών του ειδών O. vulgare L. και O. onites L. [Distribution of the hybrid Origanum × intercedens Rech. fil. and its parental species O. vulgare L. and O. onites L.] Pp. 152-157 in Kamari, G., Psaras, G., Kyparissis, A. & Constantinidis, T. (eds.), Proceedings. Hellenic Botanical Society 9th Scientific Congress, May 9-12, 2002, Argostoli - Kefalonia, Greece. Greek Botanical Society, Patra.
Kohlmüller, R., 1995. Ophrys ×vamvakiae R. Kohlmuller, nothosp. nat. nov.: ein neuer Hybrid der Orchideenflora der Insel Kreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 12: 59-62.
Krenn, L., Kopp, B. Speta, F. & Kubelka, W., 2001. Chemotaxonomische Untersuchung der Gattung Charybdis Speta (Urgineoideae, Hyacinthaceae). Stapfia 75: 101-118 + insert.
Kretzschmar, G. & Kretzschmar, H., 1995. Ophrys grigoriana: eine neue Art aus Kreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 12: 54-58.
Kretzschmar, G. & Kretzschmar, H., 2001. Orchis papilionacea subsp. alibertis, eine neue Unterart aus Kreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 18: 128-132.
Kretzschmar, H. & Jahn, R., 2002 ["2001"]. Ophrys cretica subsp. bicornuta - eine neue Unterart aus Ostkreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 18: 43-45.
Kretzschmar, H. & Kretzschmar, G., 2003. Ophrys ×capellae-pacis, eine neue Hybride aus Kreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 20: 69-72.
Kretzschmar, H., Kretzschmar, G. & Eccarius, W., 2002. Orchideen auf Kreta, Kasos und Karpathos: ein Feldführer durch die Orchideenflora der zentralen Inseln der Südägäis. Privately published by H. Kretzschmar, Bad Hersfeld.
Kreutz, C. A. J., 1995. Orobanche. Die Sommerwurzarten Europas. The European broomrape species. Ein Bestimmungsbuch. A field guide. 1. Mittel- und Nordeuropa. Central and northern Europe. Stichting Natuurpublicaties Limburg, Maastricht.
Kreutz, C. A. J., 2001. Ophrys helios, eine neue Art von Karpathos (Ostägäis). J. Eur. Orchid. 33: 871-880.
Kreutz, C. A. J., 2002. Die Orchideen von Rhodes und Karpathos: Beschreibung, Lebensweise, Verbreitung, Gefährdung, Schutz und Ikonographie. Seckel & Kreutz Publishers, Raalte & Landgraaf.
Kurtto, A., Lampinen, R. & Junikka, L. (eds.), 2004. Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 13. Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki.
Kypriotakis, Z. D., 1998. [Greek font may not be supported] Συμβολή στη μελέτη της χασμοφυτικής χλωρίδας της Κρήτης και της διαχείρισης της ως φυσικού πόρου, προς την κατεύθυνση του φυσιολατρικού τουρισμού, της ανθοκομίας, της εθνοβοτανικής και της προστασίας των απειλούμενων φυτικών ειδών και βιοτόπων [Contribution to the study of the chasmophytic flora of Crete and of the management of such natural resources, toward the direction of nature-loving tourism, of floriculture, of ethnobotany and of the protection of threatened plant species and biotopes]. PhD thesis, University of Patras, Patras.
Kypriotakis, Z. & Artelari, R., 1998. Limonium cornarianum (Plumbaginaceae), a new species from Crete (Aegean area, Greece). Phyton (Horn) 38: 143-147.
Kypriotakis, Z. & Tzanoudakis, D., 1999. A new species of Bellevalia from eastern Crete and its confusion with Muscari macrocarpum Sweet. Bot. Helv. 109: 85-90.
Lakušić, D. & Conti, F., 2004. Asyneuma pichleri (Campanulaceae), a neglected species of the Balkan Peninsula. Pl. Syst. Evol. 247: 23-36.
Landström, T., 1989. The species of Ornithogalum L. subgen. Ornithogalum (Hyacinthaceae) in Greece. Department of Systematic Botany, Lund University, Lund [PhD Thesis, effectively published under ICBN Art. 30.5 & Note 2 (McNeill & al., 2006): includes ISBN and Department of Botany, University of Lund is given as publisher].
Lewis, G., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B. & Lock, M., 2005. Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Mansion, G., 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae): description of the New World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb. and Schenkia Griseb. Taxon 53: 719-740.
Mayer, V. & Ehrendorfer, F., 1999. Fruit differentiation, palynology, and systematics in the Scabiosa group of genera and Pseudoscabiosa (Dipsacaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 135-166.
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K., Nicolson, D. H., Prado, J., Silva, P. C., Skog, J. E., Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J. (eds.), 2006. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Regnum Veg. 146.
Meikle, R. D., 1985. Flora of Cyprus 2. The Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Melzheimer, V. & Ulrich, R., 1994. Silene fabaria (L.) Sm. (Caryophyllaceae), neu für die Flora von Kreta (Griechenland). Phyton (Horn) 33: 231-236.
Meyer, F. K., 2001. Kritische Revision der "Thlaspi"-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. Spezieller Teil. I. Thlaspi L. Haussknechtia 8: 3-42.
Meyer, F. K., 2003. Kritische Revision der "Thlaspi"-Arten Europas, Afrikas und Vorderasiens. Spezieller Teil. III) Microthlaspi F.K.Mey. Haussknechtia 9: 3-59.
Morales, R. & Luque, M. N., 1997. El género Calamintha Mill. (Labiatae) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55: 261-276.
Muñoz Garmendia, F. & Navarro, C. (eds.), 1998. Flora iberica: plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares 6. Rosaceae. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
Oberprieler, C. & Vogt, R., 2006. The taxonomic position of Matricaria macrotis (Compositae-Anthemideae). Willdenowia 36: 329-338.
Ortega Olivencia, A. & Devesa Alcaraz, J. A., 1993. Revisión del género Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Ruizia 11.
Ortega-Olivencia, A. & Devesa, J. A., 2002. (1527) Proposal to conserve the name Scrophularia auriculata (Scrophulariaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 51: 201-202.
Paulus, H. F., 1994. Untersuchungen am Ophrys cretica-Komplex mit Beschreibung von Ophrys ariadnae H.F. Paulus spec. nov. (Orchidaceae). J. Eur. Orchid. 26: 629-643.
Paulus, H. F., 1998. Der Ophrys fusca s.str. - Komplex auf Kreta und anderer Ägäisinseln mit Beschreibungen von O. blitopertha, O. creberrima, O. cinereophila, O. cressa, O. thriptiensis und O. creticola spp.nov. (Orchidaceae). J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 157-201.
Pelser, P. B., Veldkamp, J.-F. & van der Meijden, R. 2006. New combinations in Jacobaea Mill. (Asteraceae - Senecioneae). Compositae Newslett. 44: 1-11.
Pfosser, M. F. & Speta, F., 2001. Bufadienolide und DNA-Sequenzen: über Zusammenhalt und Aufteilung der Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae). Stapfia 75: 177-250.
Phitos, D., Strid, A., Snogerup, S. & Greuter, W. (eds.), 1996 ["1995"]. The red data book of rare and threatened plants of Greece. World Wide Fund for Nature, Athens.
Pimenov, M. G., 1992. Ormosolenia restored. Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 219-223.
Rackham, O. & Moody, J., 1996. The making of the Cretan landscape. Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York.
Raus, T., 1996. Additions and amendments to the flora of the Karpathos island group (Dodekanesos, Greece). Bot. Chron. 12: 21-53.
Ravenna, P., 2001. Sternbergia minoica a new species of Amaryllidaceæ from Greece. Onira Bot. Leafl. 5: 39-41.
Rechinger, K. H., 1943. Flora aegaea. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 105(1).
Rechinger, K. H., 1944 ["1943"]. Neue Beiträge zur Flora von Kreta. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 105(2, 1).
Riechelmann, A., 1999. Ophrys calypsus Hirth & Spaeth und Ophrys phaseliana D. & U. Rückbrodt - zwei neue Orchideenarten auf Kreta. Ber. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. 16: 66-71.
Robson, N. K. B., 2002. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 4(2). Section 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 2): subsection 1. Hypericum series 1. Hypericum. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London (Bot.) 32: 61-123.
Scholz, H., 2000. Alte und neue Taxa der Gattung Catapodium (Gramineae). Bot. Chron. 13: 95-104.
Scholz, H. & Böhling, N., 2000. Phragmites frutescens (Gramineae) re-visited. The discovery of an overlooked, woody grass in Greece, especially Crete. Willdenowia 30: 251-261; electronic supplement at http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/bgbm/library/publikat/willd30/scholz&boehling.htm.
Scholz, H. & Raus, T., 2006. Contribution to the flora of Greece: a new species of Achnatherum (Poaceae). Willdenowia 36: 373-378.
Schippmann, U., 1991. Revision der europäischen Arten der Gattung Brachypodium Palisot de Beauvois (Poaceae). Boissiera 45.
Selvi, F. & Bigazzi, M., 2003. Revision of genus Anchusa (Boraginaceae-Boragineae) in Greece. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142: 431-454.
Skrede, S., 1998. New records of Ophrys speculum Link, Orchis provincialis Lam. et DC. and Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. et Heldr. in Crete. J. Eur. Orchid. 30: 619-623.
Slageren, M. W. van, 1994. Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. & Spach) Eig (Poaceae): a revision of all taxa closely related to wheat, excluding wild Triticum species, with notes on other genera in the tribe Triticeae, especially Triticum. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 94-7.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B., 2001. Bupleurum L. (Umbelliferae) in Europe - 1. The annuals, B. sect. Bupleurum and sect. Aristata. Willdenowia 31: 205-308.
Speta, F., 1982. Die Gattungen Scilla L. s.str. und Prospero Salisb. im Pannonischen Raum. Veröff. Int. Clusius-Forschungsges. Güssing 5: 1-19.
Speta, F., 1998a. Die Scilla-Arten (Hyacinthaceae) der griechischen Inseln Kreta und Karpathos. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30: 431-437.
Speta, F., 1998b. Systematische Analyse der Gattung Scilla L. s. l. (Hyacinthaceae). Phyton (Horn) 38: 1-141.
Speta, F., 2000. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Prospero Salisb. (Hyacinthaceae) auf der griechischen Insel Kreta. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 32: 1323-1326.
Strasser, W., 1988. West-Kreta. Botanische Studien 1987. Privately published by the author, Steffisburg.
Strasser, W., 1989. West-Kreta. Botanische Exkursionen der zürcherischen botanischen Gesellschaft 26.3-6.4.1989. Privately published by the author, Steffisburg.
Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds.), 1997. Flora Hellenica 1. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
Strid, A. & Tan, K. (eds.), 2002. Flora Hellenica 2. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. G., Ruggell.
Tan, K., 1980. Studies in the Thymelaeaceae: 2. A revision of the genus Thymelaea. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 189-246.
Tan, K. & Iatrou, G., 2001. Endemic plants of Greece: the Peloponnese. Gads Forlag, København.
Turland, N. J., 1992. Studies on the Cretan flora 1. Floristic notes. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 22: 159-164.
Turland, N. J., 2005. (1677) Proposal to conserve the name Galactites tomentosa [sic] against Centaurea elegans (Compositae). Taxon 54: 202-203.
Turland, N. J., 2008. Anthemis samariensis (Asteraceae-Anthemideae), a new species from the mountains of W Kriti (Greece). Willdenowia 38: 61-69; http://www.bgbm.org/BGBM/library/publikat/willd38/article38103.htm.
Turland, N. J. & Chilton, L., 1994. Studies on the Cretan flora 3. Additions to the flora of Karpathos. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London (Bot.) 24: 91-99.
Turland, N. J. & Chilton, L., 2000. A revision of Centaurea argentea (Compositae, Cardueae), an endemic species of Kriti and Kithira (Greece). Bot. Chron. 13: 71-79.
Turland, N. J. & Chilton, L., 2006. Androcymbium rechingeri and Ranunculus cupreus were recorded in error from Karpathos (Greece). Botanika Chronika 18(2): 5-10.
Turland, N. J., Chilton, L. & Press, J. R., 1993. Flora of the Cretan area: annotated checklist & atlas [2nd impression, 1995, with printing errors corrected]. The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London.
Turland, N. J. & Foley, M. J. Y., 2004. (1650) Proposal to conserve the name Orobanche sanguinea (Orobanchaceae) with a conserved type. Taxon 53: 1076-1077.
Turland, N. J., Phitos, D., Kamari, G. & Bareka, P., 2004. Weeds of the traditional agriculture of Crete. Willdenowia 34: 381-406 [and database: http://www.bgbm.org/BGBM/library/publikat/willd34/turland&al.mdb].
Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds.), 1968. Flora Europaea 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tzanoudakis, D., Iatrou, G., Panitsa, M. & Trigas P., 1998. Contribution to the study of the Greek insular flora: Antikythera and the islets around Kythera. Pp. 177-180 in Tsekos, I. & Moustakas, M. (eds.), Progress in botanical research: proceedings of the 1st Balkan Botanical Congress. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston and Dordecht.
Tzanoudakis, D. & Kypriotakis, Z., 1998. A new polyploid Scilla (Liliaceae) from the Cretan area (Greece). Folia Geobot. 33: 103-108.
Tzanoudakis, D., Panitsa, M., Trigas, P. & Iatrou, G., 2006. Floristic and phytosociological investigation of the island Antikythera and nearby islets (SW Aegean, Greece). Willdenowia 36: 285-301.
Uhlich, H., Pusch, J. & Barthel, K.-J., 1995. Die Sommerwurzarten Europas. Gattung Orobanche. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg.
Ungricht, S., Knapp, S. & Press, J. R., 1998. A revision of the genus Mandragora. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London (Bot.) 28: 17-40.
Valdés, B., 2004. Some validations in Liliaceae. Willdenowia 34: 63-64.
Valdés, B. & Scholz, H., 2006. The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae - a generic synopsis and some new names. Willdenowia 36: 657-669.
Vassiliades, D., 2004 ["2003"]. Astragalus idaeus (Fabaceae) rediscovered in Crete. Bot. Chron. 16: 13-17.
Vladimirov, V., Dane, F., Nikolić, T., Stevanović, V. & Tan, K. (compilers), 2006. New floristic records in the Balkans: 2. Phytol. Balcan. 12: 279-301.
Wisskirchen, R. & Haeupler, H., 1998. Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart.
Yannitsaros, A. & Koumpli-Sovantzi, L., 1992 ["1991"]. A contribution to the hydrophilous flora of Crete. Bot. Chron. 10: 579-586.
Zaffran, J., 1990. Contributions à la flore et à la végétation de la Crète. Université de Provence, Marseille.
Zohary, M. & Heller, D., 1984. The genus Trifolium. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
Marengo Botanical Page - index of botanical pages on this website.
Marengo Plant Lists - lists of plants recorded in various areas.